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Energy in the Water Cycle: An introduction

Energy in the Water Cycle: An introduction. Jorge A. Elias M. j.a.eliasmaxil@tudelft.nl. 1. Energy in the Water Cycle. Why is it important? How can we reduce CO 2 emissions in the UWC? How much heat is lost in Domestic Water? What is the heat potential in Urban Water?

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Energy in the Water Cycle: An introduction

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  1. Energy in the Water Cycle: An introduction Jorge A. Elias M. j.a.eliasmaxil@tudelft.nl 1

  2. Energy in the Water Cycle • Why is it important? • How can we reduce CO2 emissions in the UWC? • How much heat is lost in Domestic Water? • What is the heat potential in Urban Water? • Where is an opportunity? • How heat is recovered? • What kind of projects are there? • Which are some developing technologies?

  3. Why is it important? Energy sources in The Netherlands World 1 Mtoe = 2388 PJ

  4. Why is it important? • CO2 emission and electricity consumption in the world according to the development of certain countries 2006 2003 Source: UNDP

  5. How can we reduce CO2 emissions in the UWC? • Energy reducing strategies • Improving treatment processes • Recycling water • Reusing energyin water • Using different energy sources • Water minimization • Producing energy form water

  6. How much heat is lost in domestic water? • In The Netherlands 70 – 82 % of «invested» energy in water 20 – 40 % Of Energy loses in a house

  7. What is the heat potential in water? Case of Amsterdam Avoided Ktons CO2

  8. Where is an opportunity?

  9. How heat is recovered?

  10. How heat is recovered? • Heat pump • Its utilization started more than 20 years • In Switzerland: 3% of the thermal energy demand of buildings.

  11. Whatkind of projects are there? • Heat Recovery in showers • 4 – 15% Energy Savings • No extra energy required • For individual showers • The near to the hot source, the better • ATES-BTES • Heat «Storage» • Coupled with heat pumps • BTES are more expensive • They must be stabilized

  12. Whatkindof projectsare there? • District heating • Hotels, pools, buildings, houses. • Minimum flow: 10 L/s • Main concern: Performance of WWTP • Sludge drying • With treated water • It does not represent danger to the WWTP performance • Not many publications

  13. Which are some developing technologies? • Using different energy sources • Water minimization • Producing energy form water • Solar desalination • Smart Grids • MFC’s

  14. Which are some developing technologies? • Membrane desalination • A thermally driven process the steam of the feed (hot solution) passes through membrane • Need for development • Long-term performance • Scale-up • Realistic assessments

  15. Wchich are some developing technologies? • Smart grids • Measuring and control technologies • Applied mostly in electrical industry • Leaks detection • Provide information about consumption • Real-Time knowledge

  16. Wchich are some developing technologies? • Microbial Fuel Cells • Yield: 23 W/m3 • Can be used for WWT (nitrification) • Cathode is the «bottle neck» of MFCs • No commercially available • $ Materials of electrodes • Pilot projects (fouling, changes in substrate and temperature) • Lack of knowledge about bacterial metabolism Other types: Plants-MFCs

  17. And finally….. You can be happy when you use me Because me and my friends can become more CO2 neutral or… An ENERGY FACTORY

  18. Comments and suggestions? And finally, thankyouforyourattention

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