The Civil War

1. The Civil War Causes, Battles, & Key Figures

2. CAUSES • There were many causes that led to the Civil War, however, the following are the most notable: • 1.) Economic & Social Differences • 2.) States vs. Federal Rights • 3.) Slave vs. Non-Slave proponents • 4.) Growth of the Abolitionist Movement • 5.) Election of Abraham Lincoln

3. Economic & Social Differences • NORTH: • Poor soil – therefore, could not produce agriculture as efficiently as the south • Rise of Industrialization • Factory system • Dependent on WAGE LABOR to man factories • Detested Slavery • Their economy wasn’t dependent on it

4. Economic & Social Differences (cont’d) • SOUTH: • Rich, fertile farming soil • Producing cotton was their staple crop • Cotton production relied heavily on SLAVE LABOR • Therefore, their economic sustainability was dependent upon slaves • Supported slavery because they could not survive without them

5. States vs. Federal Rights • South strongly supported STATES rights • They wanted autonomy over how their states and governments were run • This would ensure more power for the state – therefore, more freedom to conduct themselves how they saw fit • South fought for States Rights to protect their slave practices • John C. Calhoun was the Governor of S.C. at the time that South Carolina decided to secede from the Union in protest of Unionization • North strongly supported FEDERAL rights • Believed in a Unionized country • Believed that the United States should be controlled under one unifying force: The Federal Government

6. Slave vs. Non-Slave Proponents • NORTH: • Supported the destruction of the institution of slavery • SOUTH: • Vehemently detested the North for their abolitionist ideas • MISSOURI COMPROMISE • Created to deal with the balance of free & non-free states • Fugitive Slave Laws: part of the M.O. Compromise to ensure fairness among slave & non-slave states

7. Growth of Abolitionist Movement • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Dred Scott Case • Fugitive Slave Act • John Brown’s Raid • Nat Turner’s Revolt

8. Election of Ol’ Abe

9. INFAMOUS BATTLES

10. Fort Sumter • 6 days after South Carolina seceded from the Union, the first shots of the Civil War rang out! • Confederate Victory

11. Battle of Gettysburg • Fought July 1-3, 1863 • Decisive Union victory • Union defeated Confederate Gen. Lee from further invading the North • Battle with largest number of Casualties • Site for Lincoln’s famous “Gettysburg Address”

12. Battle of Antietam • First major battle to take place on Union soil • Took place in Sharpsburg, Maryland • Bloodiest SINGLE DAY battle in American History

13. KEY FIGURES Confederate President Jefferson Davis Union President Abraham Lincoln

14. Key Figures (cont’d) Confederate General Robert E. Lee Union General Ulysses S. Grant

15. Other Notorious Leaders • Abraham Lincoln • Winfield Scott • George B. McClellan • Henry Wager Halleck • Ulysses S. Grant • Gideon Welles • Jefferson Davis • P.G.T. Beauregard • Joseph E. Johnston • Robert E. Lee • Stephen Mallory

16. Miscellaneous Information

17. Casualties & Losses • UNION • 140,414 killed in action • ~ 365,000 total dead • 275,200 wounded • CONFEDERATE • 72,524 killed in action • ~ 260,000 total dead • 137,000+ wounded

18. Confederate Surrender • The Confederate Army surrendered at the Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, marking the END of the Civil War • Documents for the end of the war were signed in the parlor of the courthouse a few days later

19. Union & Confederate Capitols Confederate Capitol was in Richmond, V.A Union Capitol was in Washington, D.C.

20. Lincoln’s Assassination • To celebrate the end of the Civil War, President Lincoln headed to the theater to enjoy a relaxing night out • Ford’s Theater is where he met his unfortunate and timely death • John Wilkes Booth, a southern, pro-slavery, confederate is responsible for assassinating President Lincoln

21. THE END By: Kelly Williams Addie Wagner Alicia Ross