Department of Control Engineering Distributed Real-time Systems

1. Department of Control Engineering Distributed Real-time Systems Avancerede Datanet Infrastruktur Ole Brun Madsen Professor Department of Control Engineering University of Aalborg Infrastructure

2. LAN MAN WAN Network Architecture End User(s) Network Operator(s) Network Operator(s) CPE CPE CP-SAP CO-SAP Cables Cables CPE Wireless Wireless CPE CPE CP-SAP CO-SAP CPE CP-networks Acces networks Transport networks Infrastructure

3. LAN MAN WAN Network Architecture End User(s) Network Operator(s) Network Operator(s) Local CP Terminals Local CP Services Global CO Services Global CO Services Transport System Transport System Transport System Transport System End user Infrastructure Acces Infrastructure Global distribution Infrastructure CP-network Access network Transport network Infrastructure

4. Network Standardisation ETSI http://www.etsi.org/ http://www.newapproach.org/ The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is a non-profit making organization whose mission is to determine and produce the telecommunications standards that will be used for decades to come. It is an open forum that unites 696 members from 50 countries, representing Administrations, network operators, manufacturers, service providers, and users. Any European organization proving an interest in promoting European telecommunications standards has the right to represent that interest in ETSI and thus to directly influence the standards making process. Infrastructure

5. Network Standardisation ETSI TM Transmission and Multiplexing http://www.etsi.org/TM Working groups in ETSI TM WG TM1 Core networks, fibres and cables WG TM4 Fixed radio systems WG TM6 Access network The aim of ETSI TM is to standardize the functionality and performance of transport networks and their elements. Transport networks include everything necessary to provide digital paths between end users and switching nodes. Infrastructure

6. Network Standardisation ETSI TM Transmission and Multiplexing http://www.etsi.org/TM • Work areas for ETSI TM: • - optical fibre cables and components • - line systems and multiplexers • - cross connection equipment • - end to end performance aspects, including network protection • - fixed radio systems • - digital subscriber line systems for metallic cables • Network management aspects are standardized by ETSI TMN • (Telecommunications Management Network). • Network aspects are standardized by ETSI SPAN • (Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks). Infrastructure

7. Network Standardisation ETSI TM Transmission and Multiplexing http://www.etsi.org/TM Access Networks for residential customers ETSI Guide 202 306 (EG 202 306 V1.2.1 (1998-05) An overview of existing standards and ongoing work on standards and publicly available specifications in the area of access networks for residential customers Infrastructure

8. Network Standardisation Access Network Infrastructure

9. CP-Network End user infrastructure CP-network Twisted Pair Radio (DECT) Optical LAN IEEE 802 (ISO 8802), LAN & MAN standards IEEE 802.2 LLC IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (Ethernet) IEEE 802.4 Token Bus IEEE 802.5 Token Ring IEEE 802.11 HIPERLAN ….. Infrastructure

10. Network Standardisation Access Network Infrastructure

11. Network Architecture Access Network Infrastructure

12. Network Architecture UNI (User Network Interface) Analogue telephony for POTS Basic rate ISDN 2*64+16 Kbps Primary rate ISDN 30*64 B-ISDN (2/25/155/622 Mbps) Analogue leased lines 2W/4W Digital leased lines 64Kbps/2Mbps xDSL (ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, VDSL) Analogue cable TV Digital cable TV (25/38/50 Mbps) Interaction channel for cable TV networks 1550+250(1550) Kbps Infrastructure

13. Network Architecture UNI (User Network Interface) Conventional copper access Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) Fibre In The Loop (FITL) Fibre To The Curb (FTTC) Fibre To The Home (FTTH) GSM/DCS 1800 DECT P-MP wireless access systems UMTS (UTRA) Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV) Multichannel multipoint distribution service (MMDS) Local Multi-Point distribution service (LMDS) Terrestrial broadcasting Infrastructure

14. Network Architecture New copper technologies, DSL, xDSL xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology for bringing high-bandwidth information to homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines. Infrastructure

15. Network Architecture New copper technologies, DSL, xDSL Infrastructure

16. Network Architecture New copper technologies, ADSL Infrastructure

17. Network Architecture New copper technologies, ADSL Infrastructure

18. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

19. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

20. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

21. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

22. Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure • Transmission Media´s • Fibre Optic Networks • Radio Links • Satellite • Transmission Technologies • PDH • SDH • ATM • Transmission Services • Point-Point and Point-Multipoint circuits • Broadcast • Virtual Infrastructure Network (VIN) Infrastructure

23. Satellite Data Link Physical SDH Radio PDH Fibre Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure ATM Infrastructure

24. Send Send Send Receive Receive Receive LT LT LT LT LT LT Receive Receive Receive Send Send Send Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Fibre Optic Networks Components in Fibre Optic Networks Fibre cable Fibre pair Infrastructure

25. LT LT LT LT TRM-EQ TRM-EQ TRM-EQ TRM-EQ LT LT LT LT Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Fibre Optic Networks Principles in construction of Fibre Optic Networks Fibre pair Fibre cable Fibre pair Infrastructure

26. LT LT LT LT TRM-EQ TRM-EQ TRM-EQ TRM-EQ Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Fibre Optic Networks Principles in construction of Fibre Optic Networks Fibre pair Fibre cable Fibre pair LT LT LT LT Infrastructure

27. Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Transmission Level, SDH Infrastructure

28. LT LT Line System Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Transmission Level, SDH Components in SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) Line Multiplexer Line Multiplexer Infrastructure

29. Add /Drop Multiplexer LT LT LT LT Access Multiplexer Line System Line System Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Transmission Level, SDH Components in SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) Infrastructure

30. Digital Cross Connect DXC LT LT LineSystems Access Multiplexer Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Transmission Level, SDH Components in SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) Infrastructure

31. Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Transmission Level, SDH • Bit rates in SDH Line Systems • stm-1 155 Mbps • stm-4 625 Mbps • stm-16 2,5 Gbps • stm-64 10 Gbps Infrastructure

32. Network Architecture WAN, Infrastructure, Transmission Level, SDH Infrastructure

33. Network Architecture Network Evolution Infrastructure

34. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

35. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

36. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

37. Network Architecture Wireless Communication Infrastructure

38. Network Architecture Optical Communication Infrastructure

39. Network Architecture Wireless Communication Infrastructure

40. Network Architecture Service Demands Infrastructure

41. Network Architecture Network Evolution Infrastructure

42. Network Architecture Network Evolution Infrastructure