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Mode of Delivery and the effect on Intestinal Bacteria

Mode of Delivery and the effect on Intestinal Bacteria. Erin Smith. Research Question. Does an infant gain the same amount of bacteria necessary for that initial micro-flora development when born vaginally vs. being born by caesarean section? Does the type of feeding have an impact?. Outline.

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Mode of Delivery and the effect on Intestinal Bacteria

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  1. Mode of Delivery and the effect on Intestinal Bacteria Erin Smith

  2. Research Question • Does an infant gain the same amount of bacteria necessary for that initial micro-flora development when born vaginally vs. being born by caesarean section? • Does the type of feeding have an impact?

  3. Outline • Background Information • Case study overviews • Conclusion • Room for improvement

  4. Probiotics • ‘live micro-organisms which confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts’ • Prebiotics • Synbiotics • Natural sources: yogurts and Kefir

  5. ProbioticsThe brain weighs 3 Ibs and probiotics weigh 3.5 Ibs.

  6. Bacteria • Bifidobacterium- added in probioitic supplementation B. Infantis • E. coli- diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramping • C. difficile- leading cause of diarrhea and colitis

  7. Methods • denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) • temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) “molecular fingerprinting techniques”

  8. Mode of Birth Vaginal Delivery Cesarean Delivery • Infant comes in contact with the vaginal and intestinal flora of the mother which starts the colonization • Infant is relying exclusively on the environmental bacteria to aid in colonization

  9. “Cesarean Delivery May Affect the Early Biodiversity of Intestinal Bacteria,” • 46 full term infants • Fecal sample on day 3 • TGGE and DGGE Conclusion- Delivery mode influenced within 3days of life with little to no influence of the type of feeding

  10. “Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy” • 1032 infants • fecal samples at one month of age • Participants with diverse lifestyles Conclusion- There were also same differences except feeding method also had and impact

  11. “Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy” • Most were breast-fed exclusively for 1 mo. • 232 formula-fed exclusively • 98 combination Conclusion- Formula fed more colonized with E. coli and C. difficile.

  12. “Microbiota of 6-week-old infants Across Europe: Geographic Influence Beyond Delivery Mode, Breast-feeding, and Antibiotics” • 606 infants • 5 European Countries • Filled out 2 questionaires • Fecal samples at 6wks. Conclusion- Cesarean had counts of Bifidobacterium and counts of C. difficile

  13. Nutritional Impact • Breast-fed babies- bifidobacteriaand significantly proportions of bacteroides, C coccoides, and Lactobacillus groups compared with formula-fed babies.

  14. “Molecular Monitoring of Succession of Bacterial Communities in Human Neonates” • 2 healthy baby boys • Both vaginally delivered and breast-fed immediately after birth.

  15. Baby 1- breast-fed 130 days, then infant formula was added and baby was weaned by day 200. • Baby 2- breast-fed until day 17, then infant formula was added and increased over time • Samples daily first 2 wks of life • Then twice a months For 10 to 12 months Conclusion- Breast-fed baby had more Bifidobacterium.

  16. All Studies • All conclude that mode of delivery has an impact on bacterial development. • One study suggests type of feeding has no impact in first 3 days of life. • Other 3 studies suggest that by 1 month of age nutrition type does have an impact on development.

  17. Room for Improvement • Feces samples taken at a clinic or location of the studies. • Ensure same infant formula is used with all infants. These would decrease inconsistency.

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