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The Cold War Begins

The Cold War Begins. Keeping Communists in Control. Baruch Plan – give US access to inspect all atomic energy plants Truman Doctrine – US would help any country fighting Communism Marshall Plan – economic aid to Europe to promote free institutions. Founding the UN.

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The Cold War Begins

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  1. The Cold War Begins

  2. Keeping Communists in Control • Baruch Plan – give US access to inspect all atomic energy plants • Truman Doctrine – US would help any country fighting Communism • Marshall Plan – economic aid to Europe to promote free institutions

  3. Founding the UN • General Assembly - delegates from all member nations; address global issues • Security Council – addresses military issues & can veto any action by General Assembly

  4. Founding of Israel • After WWII many Jews moved to Palestine (rather than return to Europe) • UN’s first problem • Decided to break Palestine into two countries • One for Jews, one for Arabs

  5. Founding of NATO • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Defend fellow member nations in case of attack • Warsaw Pact – Only for USSR and other communist nations

  6. Communist Revolution in China • Mao Zedong & communists forced Nationalist Government to island of Taiwan.

  7. Korean War • (after WWII, Allies divided Korea – US took South, USSR occupied North) • North invaded South (1950)

  8. Korean War • US and South Korean forces were overwhelmed at first • UN aided US forces (led by MacArthur) • China enters war to help North Korea

  9. Korean War • MacArthur’s forces stopped at 38th parallel

  10. Truman and MacArthur’s Public Battle • Macarthur wanted intense attack against China • Truman said no (wanted to avoid another World War) • MacArthur criticized the pres. and issued ultimatum to enemy • Truman fired him

  11. Election of 1952 • Korea was big issue • Dwight Eisenhower (R) vs. Adali Stevenson (D) • Eisenhower won in a landslide • (he was immensely popular with the people coming off his success in WWII)

  12. Korean War Ends • Eisenhower increased military raids on N. Korea • (even hinted at usage of nuclear bombs to end conflict) • Armistice • Created 2 countries (w/38th Parallel being the border)

  13. The CIA • Eisenhower authorized a CIA covert coup against Iranian leader (Mosaddeq) • Authorized another operation in Guatemala • (brought back bitter feelings in Latin America)

  14. HUAC • House Un-American Activities Committee • Led by Sen. Joseph McCarthy • (Senator Richard Nixon was also a member of the panel) • Questioned suspected Communists • (liberals, union members, peace organizations, and the Hollywood Ten)

  15. HUAC & Spies • Accused Alger Hiss of being a spy • Hiss broke down after insistent questioning by Nixon • Ethel & Julius Rosenberg • Couple accused of feeding nuclear secrets to Soviets • Executed June 1953

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