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Collective Efficacy and Violence in Selected Miami-Dade Neighborhoods Preliminary Evidence

This study explores the relationship between collective efficacy and violence in selected Miami-Dade neighborhoods, providing initial findings on social cohesion, social control, and collective efficacy. The research aims to shed light on youth violence, establish a baseline with spatial analysis, and provide information for resource targeting and violence prevention efforts.

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Collective Efficacy and Violence in Selected Miami-Dade Neighborhoods Preliminary Evidence

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  1. Collective Efficacy and Violence in Selected Miami-Dade Neighborhoods Preliminary Evidence National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership Oakland, CA October 21, 2010

  2. Overview • Project Background and Expectations • Methodology • Study Areas • Initial (Curious) Findings • Next Steps

  3. Racial / Ethnic Segregation Miami-Dade County, Florida

  4. Project Background • Neighborhood violence – youth homicides • Multi-year research – JSS & The Trust • Based on theory of collective efficacy • Linkage of mutual trust and willingness to intervene for common good without necessity of strong personal ties • Address gaps in social disorg/capital theories • Build on multi-year Project on Human Development (Chicago)

  5. Miami-Dade County Homicides 2004-2008

  6. Project Expectations • Shed new light on youth violence • Establish baseline with spatial analysis • Test theory of collective efficacy • Provide information for resource targeting • Provide analytic support to foster solutions and guide violence prevention work

  7. Study Methodology • Three components: • Socio-economic risk factors for crime collected and mapped • Violent hotspots mapped using income and data on homicides and 911 calls re aggravated assaults, robberies • Collective efficacy measured by direct observations and door-to-door surveys

  8. Miami-Dade County Violence Hotspot Analysis

  9. Miami-Dade County Violence Hotspot Index

  10. Study Area – Bunche Park • Visual Assessments and Documentation - CPTED

  11. Study Area – Liberty City

  12. Initial Findings – Survey Measures • Social Cohesion (11 items): degree of connectedness to neighborhoods and each other • “good area to raise children” and “people here are generally friendly” • Social Control (6 items): likelihood neighbors would get involved when government fails to meet its obligations • likelihood of neighbor doing something if “a large pothole on street needed repair” or “city planned to cut funding to your community center” • Intervene (12 items): extent neighbors would intervene to help solve neighborhood problems • likelihood of neighbor intervening if “someone was trying to break into a house” or “suspicious people hanging around the street” or “people having a loud argument in street” • Collective Efficacy (29): integrates all prior items into a unified scale representing all 3 dimensions

  13. Initial Findings: Survey Respondents

  14. Initial Findings Liberty City reported significantly higher levels of: • social cohesion • social control • collective efficacy as well as lower: • fear of crime • perceived incivilities than Bunche Park • Across both communities, these variables were significantly related to collective efficacy: • Directly: • Education level • Satisfaction with police services • Homeownership • Inversely: • Perceived incivilities in neighborhood

  15. Next Steps • Select six more neighborhoods with variety of characteristics to conduct and compare observations and surveys • Integrate other data into the analysis, including violent crime and systematic social observations • Determine where community groups and individuals have effects on crime • Involve neighborhoods in future design / discussion to support work, contribute to positive change

  16. That's All for Now! Contact me with questions or ideas: Lisa Pittman, lisa@thechildrenstrust.org Thanks to JSS researchers: • Craig Uchida, cduchida@jssinc.org • Shellie Solomon, sesolomon@jssinc.org • Christine Connor, cconnor@jssinc.org • Corry Putt, cputt@jssinc.org

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