Unit 1 topic 2:

1. Unit 1 topic 2: Robotics overview

2. Bad news robot • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdzqXsPDkX0

3. What is a robot? • Robotics is the science and technology of robots • A robot has several but not necessarily all of the following features. It: • Moves • Senses • Reacts • Can be Programmed • Is under human control

4. 4 main characteristics of a robot • Sensing First of all your robot would have to be able to sense its surroundings. It would do this in ways that are not unlike to the way that you sense your surroundings. Giving your robot sensors: light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing and sonar sensors (ears), and taste sensors (tongue) will give your robot awareness of its environment. • Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. Whether rolling on wheels, walking on legs or propelling by thrusters a robot needs to be able to move. To count as a robot either the whole robot moves, like the Sojourner or just parts of the robot moves, like the Canada Arm. • Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. A robot might be solar powered, electrically powered, battery powered. The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do. • IntelligenceA robot needs some kind of "smarts." This is where programming enters the pictures. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its 'smarts.' The robot will have to have some way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

5. Robot or not?

6. Robot or not?

7. Robot or not?

8. Robot or not?

9. Industries that Use Robotic systems • Local • Health Sciences Center – Laproscopic Surgery • National • Kraft Canada – Assembly line production • International • Japan – Honda produced the humanoid robot ASIMO

10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m8FEuwiChw

11. Robotic tasks Usually: • Dangerous or hazardous • Repetitive • Requiring precision • Example: bomb disposal, assembly line production, nuclear reactor removal

12. canadarm • Also called the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) • Mechanical arm first used on the space shuttle Enterprise used to manipulate materials from space shuttle to space station • Can move and lift 293 tons • Consists of a manipulator arm; a Canadarm display and control panel, including rotational and translational hand controllers at the orbiter aft flight deck flight crew station

13. Canadarm • Built by a Canadian company SPAR Aerospace • Sold to NASA • Canadarm's 90th and final shuttle mission was in July 2011 WHEEE!

14. Robotic tasks: the future • Robotic cars • Teachers • Farmers • Construction workers • Soldiers • Doctors • Nurses

15. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/32248-future-car-robot-cars-video.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/32248-future-car-robot-cars-video.htm

16. Careers with robotic systems • Careers in robotics revolve around designing, building, maintaining and operating robots • Designelements would entail careers centered on engineering and electronics • Buildingwould also entail careers centered on engineering and electronics • Maintenanceand use of robots are one of the few areas for which specific programs in post-secondary are available • For example, Memorial University of Newfoundland, offers an ROV operator program at the Marine Institute.

17. Careers with robotic systems • Military • Automotive • Heath care • Manufacturing • Space

18. Sustainability of robotics • Sustainable industries are those that meet the needs of today without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their needs • In addition to the environment, it is concerned with economic, social and cultural issues

19. ecobots • Energetically autonomous robots that can remain self-sustainable by collecting their energy from material, mostly waste matter, in the environment • The only by-product from this process is carbon dioxide, which would have been produced from the natural biodegradation of the fuel regardless • This carbon dioxide production belongs to the immediate carbon cycle of our planet and does not impose to the already increasing problem of the greenhouse effect

20. Pollen-robo • A pollution-monitoring robot designed by Weathernews, Inc.   • The circular machines hang outside of homes and alert residents to high levels of pollen in the air • Depending on the amount of pollen, the robot’s eye will glow one of 5 different colors http://ecoble.com/2009/03/29/ecobots-the-sustainable-future-of-robotics/

21. Robolobster • Designed for underwater use • Can recognize and monitor changes in seawater, while locating and disabling underwater mines that exist as well http://ecoble.com/2009/03/29/ecobots-the-sustainable-future-of-robotics/

22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJRfTASo0ow

23. Ethical issues As we create more advanced robots, what are some of the ethical issues that arise?

24. Ethical issues • Creating robot super race • Machine-slavery • Replacing unskilled and uneducated labor force • Military robots used to harm humans

25. Asimov’s Three laws of robotics • Issac Asimov was a science fiction writer created these Three Laws of Robotics in 1942: • 1) A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm • 2) A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law • 3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws

26. Historical development of robotics • Leonardo DaVinci designed and possibly built the first robotin 1495 • Automatedmachines (firstprogrammedlooms, 1801) • Development ofautomatedproductionlinesfrom1920’s-1940’s • First electroniccomputing machine, 1940 • Transistor developed, 1947

27. First Computer

28. Historical development of robotics • First programmable robot, 1954 • First industrial robot, 1960 • First microchip, 1961 • First industrial robot on a production line, 1962 (GM) • Robot armsused on Viking 1 and 11 space probes, 1976 • Microcomputercontrol introduced to robotics in 1977

29. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8151123/Robot-George-early-humanoid-revived-after-45-years.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8151123/Robot-George-early-humanoid-revived-after-45-years.html

30. Historical development of robotics • Starting in 1980 a new robot company entered the market every month • The microchip has been dubbed one of the most significant discoveries in electronics since the transistor • The milestones ended at 1980, because the development of robotics exploded after the wide scale use of microchips

31. Unit 1topic 3: Introduction to robotic systems

32. Operation of simple machines Simple machines are used in robotics to create more complex machines There are two types of simple machines: • 1) inclined planes (ramp) • Screws and wedges are variations of inclined planes • The screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder • The wedge is essentially a pair of inclined planes

33. Inclined planes

34. Operation of simple machines There are two types of simple machines: • 2) Lever • Pulleys and wheel and axles are variations of levers • Gear systems and sprocket and chain systems used in robotic mobility are wheel and axles

35. levers

36. Class activity What are some simple machines in the classroom? What are some uses of simple machines?

37. How simple machines are used in robots • Gears permit movement at speeds greater or less than the direct application of the motor will allow • Wheels and axles give the robot mobility • Pulleys change direction of linear forces • Levers are involved in all robotic arm movement

38. Main subsystems of a robot • A robot is a system of interconnected components • Each of the sub-systems can collectively act to perform a task • A simple comparison can be made to the human body: • Tools -Hands • Motion - Arms and legs • Power - Heart and lungs • Chassis - Torso • Sensors - Senses • Controller - Brain

39. End of arm tooling • Gripper arm - There are many different gripper styles used to grasp products. • Friction grippers use force to pick up an object • Encompassing grippers act like a basket to pick up a product • Vacuum Cups - These tools handle objects using suction • 3-jaw Chucks - This tool is used to produce cylindrical parts

40. End of arm tooling

41. End of arm tooling • High-Speed Spindles - These rotating tools are used to hold and drive cutting tools • Cylinders – Used if you need compressed gas or air • Used mostly for welding • Drills - Creating holes is fast and easy with automated drilling tools.

42. End of arm tooling

43. Robotic hand • http://gizmodo.com/5935416/this-tool+wielding-robot-hand-can-be-mass-produced-for-cheap

44. Types of robot motion • Walking • Running • Wheels • Tracks • Rolling • Hopping • Swimming

45. Snake robot • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VLjDjXzTiU

46. Ways to power a robot • The most common power source for robotics is electrical • In mobile robotics it is direct current (DC) electrical power • in stationary robotics it is typically alternating current(AC) electrical power

47. Ways to power a robot • Some power sources are internal to the robot and some are external • In the case of external an example would be some • sort of tethered robot • Hydraulics and pneumatics can be used as power sources as well, but in fact they require electrical energy to run a pump or compressor • They are an energy storage system, storing potential energy for use later

48. Ways to power a robot • Electricity • Batteries • Compressed gasses (pneumatic) • Hydrogen used in EcoBots • Hydraulics (liquids) • Flywheel store energy • Organic garbage

49. methods of energy transfer within robotics systems 3 Main types of Energy Transfer • 1) Hydraulicsis the use of a pressurized liquid to transfer energy • Closed system that requires a pump to maintain pressure • One advantage of hydraulics is that because the liquid cannot be compressed it is an efficient mode of transferring energy

50. methods of energy transfer within robotics systems • 2) Pneumaticsis the use of pressurized air to transfer energy • NOT a closed system, as waste air is vented to the atmosphere and replaced with new air pressurized by a compressor • The main advantage for pneumatics is that leakage only leaks air, not a potential fluid hazard as in hydraulics