Unit 7 – Credit and Personal Finance

1. Unit 7 – Credit and Personal Finance Chapter 3, 4, and 5

2. Chapter 3 – Your Role as Consumer Objective:

3. Types of income • Disposable income – income that is remaining for a person to spend or save • Discretionary Income – money income a person has left to spend on extras after necessities have been bought.

4. Many factors influence our choices • Income • Scarcity • Time • Opportunity Cost – what we are giving up

5. Take College for example • It costs a lot of money to go • Not everyone gets in and even if you do you aren’t quaranteed to finish your degree or get a job in your field. • It takes a great deal of time and effort • You have to give up lots of things you could have been doing instead. • AND FOR WHAT?????

6. College Graduates Make More Money!

7. Rational Choices • Choosing the alternative that has the greatest value from among comparable quality products. • The best choice for you given the options • Generates the greatest value compared to other options.

8. Advertising • Competitive – attempts to persuade consumers that a product is different from and to superior to any other product • Informative – benefits consumers by providing useful information. • Bait and Switch – ad that attracts consumers by advertising a very low priced item but tries to sell you a high priced item at the store, saying the sale item is poor quality.

9. Comparison Shopping Positives Negatives Takes a lot of time • Lower prices • Can find lower prices • Can ask for price matching to get lower prices at local stores • Better Quality Products What are some things that should be considered when comparison shopping? - the value of your time spend comparing should not be greater than the value that you save comparing.

10. Which type of advertising is beneficial to consumers • A. Bait and Switch • B. Competitive • C. Informative

11. Chapter 4 – Going into Debt Objective: Students will understand the role of credit in their personal and financial lives. Students will be able to understand how to use credit and find their credit scores.

12. What is Credit? • Receiving funds to buy goods or services in the present with the promise to pay for them in the future.

13. Why do people use Credit? • To make large purchased that they can’t save enough money to pay for. • A home • A car • To make purchases now, so that they don’t have to wait to buy the good or service. • Television • Clothing

14. How do you decided if you should use credit or not? Ask yourself. • Do you really need the item? Can you wait to purchase it until a later time? • What would I have to give up to pay cash for this item? • Will the satisfaction that I get from the item be greater or less than the interest I will pay on the item? • Have I compared enough credit options to make the best credit decision, if I decide to use credit? • Can I afford to use credit now?

15. I would use credit to purchase a? • A. Playstation • B. Clothes • C. Car • D. Groceries

16. Price of using credit • Principal – amount originally borrowed in loan. • Interest – amount the borrower must pay for the use of someone else’s funds.

17. Installment vsRevolving Credit Installment Revolving Continue adding interest to the principle based on a remaining balance each month. Allows to you make additional purchases on the account before other items are paid off. Department store cards Credit Cards • Make monthly payments for a specified number of months until the purchase is paid in full. • Home • Car • Some large ticket store items

18. True or False • Installment credit would be used to purchase a few household items from sears.

19. When to use installment credit • Durable goods – goods that last for longer than 3 years. Usually have a higher value and require the use of credit to make the purchase. • Mortgage – installment debt for the ownership of a house or land.

20. Paying a Mortgage • The average home owner pays more than double for their home if they choose to pay only the installment payment over a period of a 30 year loan. • My house, that I bought for 149,000.00 will end up costing us over 300,000.00 if we pay just the installment and live in it for 30 years. • If you can afford to make even 1 extra house payment per year, you will save yourself about 50,000.00 on interest.

21. When to use revolving credit • Never… if you don’t need to or can’t afford to pay if off quickly. • When you need to make a purchase, but the good or service should be paid off in a relatively short amount of time. • The longer it takes you to pay off your debt the more money you will spend in interest.

22. True or False • Revolving credit isn’t bad if you pay it off in full each month.

23. Where can I get credit?

24. Commercial Banks • Banks whose main function is to accept deposits, lends funds, and transfer funds between banks, individuals, and businesses.

25. Savings and Loan Associations • Depository institutions that accept deposits and loan funds. • Mortgage loans • Finance commercial auto companies • Usually have a slightly lower interest rate than commercial banks.

26. Savings Banks • Depository institutions set up for small savers who were overlooked by commercial banks. • Mortgages • Auto Loans • Personal Loans • Have some saving and checking accounts

27. Credit Unions • Depository institutions owned and operated by its members to provide savings accounts and low interest loans. • Offer auto and personal loans, but only large ones offer mortgage loans. • Typically have higher interest rates on savings accounts and lower interest rates on loans.

28. Finance Companies • Companies that take the contract for installment debt from stores and adds a collection fee for collecting the debt. • Collection agencies

29. Consumer Finance Company • A big financial NO NO!! • Makes loans directly to consumers at ridiculously high interest rates. • PayDay Loans (Payroll advances) – people can get small loans to cover expenses until they get paid, the catch is that when they do get paid a large percentage of the paycheck will go to pay the loan fee (as much as 30%). This can cause people to get trapped into taking our many loans to keep up with the debt, and may end up paying whole paychecks in fees.

30. The best place to get credit is… • A. Credit Union • B. Consumer Finance Company • C. Local Store • D. Visa, Mastercard, Discover

31. What is a Payday Loan? • Pay Day Loans (Payroll advances) – people can get small loans to cover expenses until they get paid, the catch is that when they do get paid a large percentage of the paycheck will go to pay the loan fee (as much as 30%). This can cause people to get trapped into taking our many loans to keep up with the debt, and may end up paying whole paychecks in fees.

32. Credit Cards and Charge Accounts

33. Charge Account • Credit extended to a customer allowing them to purchase goods or services at that particular company and to pay for them later. • Sears, Kay Jewelers, Victoria’s Secret

34. Types of Charge Accounts • RegularCharge Account – a purchase is made and a bill is sent, at the end of the month. If the bill is paid in full no interest is charged, if not paid if full by the due date, interest will be charged on the full bill!! • Revolving Charge Account – allows you to make additional purchases and carry a balance on the bill.

35. Credit Cards • Credit device that allows individuals to make purchases at many kinds of stores, restaurants, and other businesses on credit. • How is a credit card different from a Debit Card? • Debit cards take money directly from a savings or checking account at a bank, thus you are spending money that you already have. • When you use your debit card as credit you are still taking money from your account, but you need to sign the receipt rather than enter a pin number.

36. True or False • Credit doesn’t cost me anything if I have good credit.

37. The Cost of Credit Finance Charges Annual Percentage Rates Cost of using credit expressed in a yearly percentage amount. Easy way to detemine which credit cards have the highest interest rate. 13 %(card A) is lower than 17% (card B), so card A is charging a lower interest rate than card B • Cost of credit expressed in monthly dollars and cents • Based on the balance of the bill at any given time of the month • This time difference may affect how much your finance charge will be. • 4 different methods are used for computing a finance charge

38. How can I get Credit?

39. Credit Bureau – private business that investigates a person to determine the risk involved in lending to that person. • Credit Check – Investigation of a person’s income, current debts, personal life, and pat history of borrowing and repaying debt. • Credit Rating – rating of the risk involved in lending to a specific person or business

40. FICO Score • Score given to a person based on their credit history. This score is what the three credit rating companies give you to determine if you are worthy of credit. • Lenders use this score to help them determine if they want to offer you credit, or how likely you will be to pay back a loan.

41. What’s a good FICO score?

42. What can hurt my credit rating? • Making late payments • High debt-to-income ratio • Having many open accounts • Previous Bankruptcy • Unemployment • Legal Trouble

43. How can I build my credit? • Use credit to make small purchases and pay them back right away. • Make all credit payments on time. • May more than the minimum balance. • Don’t take out credit at too many locations.

44. What agency provides your credit score?

45. What happens if I don’t pay? • Lender may have to hire collections agencies to retrieve the funds. • Lender may have to take a loss on the item • If this happens they make the money back by increasing the prices of their products to consumers • You will get a negative mark on your credit making it more difficult to use credit in the future.

46. True or False • Nothing happens when I don’t pay my bill, I can just pay double next time.

47. Taking out a loan • Secured Loan – loan that is backed up by collateral • Unsecured Loan – loan guaranteed only by a promise to repay it. • Cosigner – person who signs a loan contract with the borrower, if the borrower doesn’t have enough credit, and pays the loan back if the borrower doesn’t.

48. How do I get out of credit debt?

49. Pay your highest interest cards off first • Pay more than the minimum payment • Analyze your situation • Try to negotiate new terms with creditors • Use government resources to help you • Spend less money so that you can afford to make larger payments and don’t add to the debt you already have.

50. Best way to stay out of debt is to… • A. Pay off high interest cards first • B. Not carry a balance on your credit • C. Use credit a lot • D. Never use credit for small purchases