Causes of the War

1. Causesof theWar

2. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany France Austria-Hungary Italy Russia

3. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

4. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

5. England vs Germany Grandmother vs Grandson

6. England’s New Weapon The Dreadnought

7. Germany Counters With Unterseeboot

8. 3. Aggressive Nationalism

9. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

10. “Powder Keg” • Ottoman Empire had ruled the Balkans for centuries. • Ottoman Empire was fading in strength at this time and was known as the: “Sick man of Europe” • When the Ottoman Empire started to lose its possessions in the Balkans through civil wars etc, there was a power vacuum and it became known as the “Eastern Question” • Austria and Russia both had designs on this area though the newly freed countries felt differently.

11. Queen Victoria and WWI

12. Grandmother to these rulers and also the rulers Of Denmark, Greece, Norway, Spain and Romania Grandmother To Wilhelm II Of Germany George V OfEngland Nicholas II Of Russia

13. English Royal Family Dirty Little Secret • The family name of the English Royal family is not really Windsor. • It really is Saxe-Coburg-Gotha • Changed by George V in 1917 by Royal Proclamation. • Major reason in 1917 for the first time German heavy bombers started to attack London, the name of the bomber was the Gotha, same as royal family. • Almost every royal family of Europe today is a branch of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha’s

14. The“Spark”

15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

16. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

17. Who’s To Blame?

18. The Schlieffen Plan

20. Russian Women Soldiers

21. The Western Front: A War of Attrition”

22. The Western Front

23. Trench Warfare

24. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

25. The War of theIndustrial Revolution:NewTechnology

26. British Tank at Ypres

27. The Zeppelin

28. The Airplane

29. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

30. Poison Gas Germans at 2nd Battle of Ypres Machine Gun

31. Russia Leaves War • Because of Bolshevik uprising lead by Lenin Russia asks Germany to leave the war. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Allies not happy about this and launch the “Archangel Expedition”- Trying to delay Bolsheviks from winning by helping the “Whites” and get back weapons they had given Russia. • The “Reds” Bolsheviks/Communists will resent the capitalists getting involved.

32. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

33. Scope of Flu • October 1918- 195,000 Americans die of influenza-deadliest month in U.S. History • 60% of Eskimos die • 1918- over 600,000 Americans die of the flu more than all military deaths in World War 1 and World War 2 combined.

34. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

35. Germany Surrenders • Germany surrenders thinking Wilson’s 14 points will be used. • Points 1-5 dealt with Causes of War • Points 6-13 dealt with Self Determination • 14th point dealt with the League of Nations

36. World War I Casualties

37. Treaty of Versailles • Big 4. Wilson of U.S., Clemenceau of France, Orlando of Italy and George of Great Britain. • Germany and Russia were excluded. • Russia ends up losing the most territory. • Germany blamed for the war. • Wilson’s 14 points not used. Germany was punished and forced to pay billions in reparations. • Failure of the Treaty of Versailles major cause for World War II • U.S. never signs the Treaty of Versailles

38. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

39. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians