The 13 Originals

1. The 13 Originals Chapter 8 Mrs. Christman

2. MD Southern Colonies VA NC • The Southern Colonies included: Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), and Georgia (GA). SC GA

3. Virginia • First English colony founded in 1607 (Jamestown) • Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony. • Many people at this time wanted to leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England. • Southern Colony

4. Virginia A Pocahontas statue was erected in Jamestown, Virginia in 1922 At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are docked in the harbor. Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612)

5. Maryland • Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom. • In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion. • This colony was a place Catholics could practice their religion without persecution. • Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

6. North Carolina • Founded in 1663 by English nobles. • King Charles I gave the Puritans a charter to settle in North America. • Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city. • Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South. • Southern Colony King Charles II

7. South Carolina • In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony. • Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock. • Southern Colony

8. Georgia • King George supported the plan for the colony of Georgia to be established, because it would protect Carolinas from the Spanish and the French. • This colony was a place where English detors could live (start over). • Southern Colony

9. Native Americans in the Southern Colonies • In the Southern Colonies, Oglethorpe negotiated with Chief Tomochichi to obtain land.

10. The New England Colonies Massachusetts (Maine) New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

11. Reasons for coming to the USA. • Some people didn’t like the Church of England. • They wanted the Church to be more pure. These people were called Puritans. • They decided to start a colony in the North East part of the USA.

12. Metacomet(King Philip) • He was an Indian leader who led a revolt against the English in 1675 to reclaim his land from the colonists. • Known as the King Philip War.

13. Massachusetts • Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims. • Plymouth was the original name of the settlement. • John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact. • New England Colony Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

14. Massachusetts • Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony) • John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement. • In the Puritan community all free male colonists signed an agreement called a covenant. • New England Colony Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distance

15. Settling in Massachusetts • John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans. • Massachusetts means at or near the great hill in Algonkian, Native American language. • The colony’s first settlement was Boston along the Charles River.

16. Massachusetts The first Thanksgiving.

17. Rhode Island • In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony. • He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice. • Rhode Island was the first colony to allow freedom of religion. • New England Colony Roger Williams “minister, author”

18. Connecticut • Also founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker. • He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion. • New England Colony A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

19. New Hampshire • Sold to the king of England in 1679. • Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government. • New England Colony

20. Native Americans in New England Colonies • The relationships vaired in New England but were generally better in the Middle and Southern Colonies. • The Wampanoag and the Pequot fought the English colonists in Massachusetts and Connecticut because the colonists took over their land. • In Rhode Island Roger Williams bought land for the Narragansett and lived in peace.

21. Middle Colonies“Breadbasket” • The Middle colonies included: New York (NY) , New Jersey (NJ) , Delaware (DE), and Pennsylvania (PA). • These colonies were known as the “breadbasket” colonies. NY PA NJ DE

22. New York • Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609 • James Duke of York was given it from Charles II. • The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) James, Duke of York

23. Pennsylvania • In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York. • King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father. • Penn was a Quaker who founded the colony and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion 2. Right to elect public officials. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

24. Delaware • In 1682, the Duke of York granted William Penn this land. • It became a colony in 1704. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

25. New Jersey • The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey) • Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702. • Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) Map of New Netherland (17th century)

26. Native Americans in the Middle Colonies • In the Middle Colonies, William Penn treated the LenniLenape fairly and paid for land.

28. The 13 Originals (Conclusion) • How was the colonists’ use of natural resources in New England different from the use of resources in the Southern Colonies? • Describe the relationships between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England, in the Middle Colonies, and in the Southern Colonies.

29. How was the colonists’ use of natural resources in New England different from the use of resources in the Southern Colonies? • New England had good fishing and lumber for building houses, but the soil was difficult to farm. The southern Colonies had good farmland for raising crops. For example, the red clay in the Southern Colonies was good for growing rice and indigo. New Englanders relied on the rivers and the Atlantic Ocean for fishing.

30. Relationships between the colonists and the Native Americans • The Native Americans helped the colonists at first, but they fought back when the colonists took over too much land (for example, King Philip’s War). Those colonists who treated the Native Americans fairly developed better relationships with them (for example, Penn, Williams, Oglethorpe).

31. Relief and Elevation Maps • What is the difference between a relief map and an elevation map? • An elevation map shows the height of land areas. A relief map shows how elevation changes from place to place.

32. Great Job!!!