Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary • Glory, God & Gold- The 3 main reasons for European Exploration. • Caravel- A ship with triangular sails that could sail against the wind. • Astrolabe- Instrument that measured how far north or south a ship was from the equator. • Magnetic Compass- Used magnetism to determine north, south, east & west. • Prince Henry- Huge supporter of exploration that created a school in Portugal for people to perfect their trade. • Columbus- Hired by Spain to find a faster route to Asia but instead landed in the Americas. • Treaty of Tordisillas- Created the Line of Demarcation in the hopes of avoiding war between Portugal and Spain. • Diaz- The first explorer to round the tip of Africa. • DaGama- The first explorer to sail to India.

2. Vocabulary • Peninsulares- People from Spain who lived in the Americas. • Mestizo- The population that arose from the intermarriage of Spanish and native peoples. • Encomienda- System set up by Spanish landowners that forced the natives to work the land. • Bartolome de Las Casas- Spanish priest that advocated for better treatment of Native Americans and the end of the encomienda system.

3. Warm Up • Do you feel modern day space travel to Mars or other planets will prove beneficial? Why? • Would you participate in such a voyage? Why?

4. Europe Begins to Explore

5. Prior to 1400, Europe had contact with the rest of the world only through • 1100’s The Crusades • 1275 Marco Polo in China

6. Glory, God & Gold! • Due to the Crusades, the desire for goods from the east was very high in Europe. By 1400, Europeans were ready to get more goods at better prices. Exploration began out of a desire for: Glory, God & Gold

7. Wealth • Spice Trade (nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger & pepper) • Luxury Goods • Italy controlled trade so other countries also wanted money from trade…England, Spain, Portugal & France.

8. 2. Spread Christianity • Crusades caused desire for Christians to spread religion 3. Desire for Land • Lack of space for farming, etc

9. Exploration was also made possible because of advancements in technology. The most important were: • Caravel: Ship with triangular sails that could sail against the wind • Astrolabe: instrument that used stars to measure how far north or south a ship was from the equator. • Magnetic Compass

10. Many countries became powerful through exploration. • Portugal was the first because of Prince Henry’s navigation school. • 2 Portuguese explorers were very important • Diaz: 1st to round tip of S. Africa • DaGama: 1st to sail to India

11. They established many trading ports on the West coast of Africa. This made Spain very jealous. So Columbus was sent westward to find a faster route to Asia

12. This created a huge rivalry between Spain and Portugal. • To stave off war, they signed the Treaty of Tordisilla in 1494. • This established the Line of Demarcation giving all lands east of the line to Portugal and all lands west of the line to Spain. • At first, line was too far east and Portugal complained so they moved line west to include part of Brazil.

13. The other country that became a power through exploration was The Netherlands. By 1600 they had the largest fleet of vessels numbering 20,000! At first they teamed up with England to kick the Portuguese out of the far east but as soon as they were gone, they turned on England and forced them out as well!

14. Spain builds an Empire in the Americas

15. After Columbus, many explorers sailed to the “New World”. • Spanish conquerors were called conquistadors • They transformed the lands they conquered into colonies: Land owned by another country

16. In building their new empire, the Spanish drew from the techniques employed during the Reconquista (effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain). They lived among the natives and imposed Spanish culture upon them.

17. The Spanish who lived in the Americas were called: Peninsulares • These were mostly men so they married native women. • Their marriages created a large mestizo or mixed population

18. Although the Spanish lived among the natives, they oppressed them in a system known as the Encomienda. • It worked like this: Natives were forced to: farm, ranch, or mine for the Spanish landlords • The holders of the encomiendas or land grants promised the Spanish authorities they would treat the natives fairly but they did not.

19. Not only did the Spanish force the natives to work for them but they forced them to be Christian. Many conquistadors marched north in an effort to spread Christianity.

20. As Spanish priests worked to spread Christianity, they also worked for: • Better treatment of Native Americans

21. A Spanish priest, Bartolome de Las Casas pushed especially hard for this. He wrote, “There is nothing more detestable or cruel than the tyranny which the Spaniards use toward the Indians for the getting of riches.” • Due to the writings of these men, the Spanish banished the Encomienda System in 1542.

22. Not only did the Spanish work many natives to death but killed them in another way as well… • Disease- small pox, typhus, measles • This will lead to the slave trade • Spain was the 1st country to import slaves • All of this was to set up a system called: The Columbian Exchange

23. Reflection • What created the Europeans desire for foreign goods and products? • What were the 3 main reasons fro European Exploration? • What technological advancements made European Exploration possible? • Why was Portugal able to take the lead in Exploration? • What was created to prevent war between Spain and Portugal? • What was the Mestizo population? • What was the Encomienda System? • Describe the difference of the Spanish landowners and priests in the treatment of Native Americans. • What led to the Atlantic Slave Trade?