Learning Objective: To explore what life was like in Britain around 1900

1. Learning Objective: Toexplore what life was like in Britain around 1900 How much has Britain changed since 1900? What does this suggest about what Britain was like in 1900?

2. Learning Objective: Toexplore what life was like in Britain around 1900 Britain in 1900 To be able to understand the class system to explain different entertainments. Upper Class A/B To be able to explain some activities and entertainments around 1900. Middle Class C To be able to understand and comment on life in Britain around 1900. Working Class D/E Individual Liberty

3. Learning Objective: Toexplore what life was like in Britain around 1900 Wealth: Britain was a very rich country but 66% of the country’s wealth was held by just 1% of the population. Empire: Britain was a powerful country and owned many different colonies all over the world. Britain in 1900... Industry: Britain was a massive producer of products in factories and elsewhere which were sold across the world Living conditions: Many of the poorest in society lived badly maintained houses and slums.

4. Learning Objective: Toexplore what life was like in Britain around 1900 How did different groups of people enjoy themselves? Rich people enjoyed a day at the races such as at Ascot where they would enjoy champagne hampers. They would alsovisit spa towns such as Llandudno or Margate and stay in hotels. The leisured classes had large estates where they would invite their friends for parties and hunting. Women were not expected to play sport unless it was of a genteel nature like croquet Though working-class life was hard and sometimes scarred by deep poverty, working-class people did find time to relax and enjoy themselves. Working-class leisure activities included playing or watching football, reading newspapers and trashy serialised novels called 'penny dreadfuls' and visiting the local music hall. The 1871 Bank Holiday Act made paid bank holidays compulsory and working-class people started to travel by train to the seaside at Scarborough or Blackpool for their holidays.

5. Learning Objective: Toexplore what life was like in Britain around 1900 Over the next few weeks we will be looking at 3 main areas for this course, all of these areas follow the developments that happened during the 20th century: The growth and development of sport in Wales and England The changing nature of popular entertainment in Wales and England Changes in holiday patterns in Wales and England

6. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport developed in the early 20th century Think about and write down at least 5 words that you would associate with sport today. Challenge: How important is money to sport?

7. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport developed in the early 20th century Britain in 1900 To be able to evaluate the importance in the development of sports. Football A/B To be able to explain the developments in specific sports after 1900. Rugby C To be able to understand the difference between amateurs and professionals. Cricket D/E Individual Liberty

8. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport developed in the early 20th century How did sport change around 1900? Amateurism Professionalism Why was this an issue? “The middle and upper class men who dominated sport believed in the idea of amateurism, but they also had self-interest in blocking professionalism. This threatened to allow the working classes to compete against better-off sportsmen with success. If professional teams were to beat gentlemen amateur teams consistently, that might challenge the idea of social superiority, and that could lead to social instability. This attitude lasted for most of the twentieth century.” From an on-line encyclopaedia, Wikipedia, 2010

9. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport developed in the early 20th century Complete the sheet on professionalism vs. amateurism. Use the information sheets on the different types of sports to show how these changed in the early 20th century. Explain why professionalisation of sport was important in the early 20th Century. Why were some people against the idea of professionalism?

10. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport developed in the early 20th century Home Learning: Women in sport: Find examples of women in sport in the early 20th century. Try to explain the changing attitudes to women in sport in the early 20th century. Especially why some saw it as a bad idea.

11. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport developed in the early 20th century What new key words have I used in this lesson? Have I achieved the target I aimed for? Write 2 sentences to show how sport developed in the 20th Century.

12. Learning Objective: Tounderstand the reasons for growth in spectator sports 1923 FA Cup Final, Wembley This was the first ever game to be played at Wembley. What does this show us about sport at this time?

13. Learning Objective: Tounderstand the reasons for growth in spectator sports The Growth in Spectator Sports Read the cards in the envelopes. Put them in a hierarchy of reasons that led to the growth in spectator sports.

14. Learning Objective: Tounderstand the reasons for growth in spectator sports Source A Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the growth of spectator sport in the 1920s? (3 marks) Fans on their way to a football match in the 1920s.

15. Learning Objective: Tounderstand the reasons for growth in spectator sports What new key words have I used in this lesson? Have I achieved the target I aimed for? Write 2 sentences to show 2 reasons why spectator sports grew.

16. Learning Objective: Toevaluate the importance of the media in the development of sport Create a Venn diagram to look at the different types of media through time. Modern Pre-1970

17. Learning Objective: Toevaluate the importance of the media in the development of sport Media culture To be able to evaluate the importance of the media in developing sport. Television A/B To be able to explain the impact of the media on sport in the twentieth century. Radio C To be able to understand the different types of media used in sport. Sporting Papers D/E Individual Liberty

18. Learning Objective: Toevaluate the importance of the media in the development of sport Around the room are posters on the different types of media before 1970. Complete your sheet on these. Think: How important was media in developing sport? Stretch Can you provide specific examples of its importance? Challenge

19. Learning Objective: Toevaluate the importance of the media in the development of sport Home Learning: Sporting Heroes: Pick a sporting hero from the list. Complete the A5 fact file on that sporting hero.

20. Learning Objective: Toevaluate the importance of the media in the development of sport What new key words have I used in this lesson? Have I achieved the target I aimed for? Write 2 sentences to show how media helped to develop sport.

21. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century How might sporting heroes encourage other people to take part in their sport? Stretch: What else might make it possible for someone to get involved in the sport?

22. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Sport and media To be able to evaluate the developments as well as the controversies in sport. Disabled Sport A/B To be able to explain the specific developments in sport.. Youth Sport C To be able to understand some causes of change to sport. Spectators D/E Individual Liberty

23. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century How did opportunities and participation in sport change in the late 20th Century?

24. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century

25. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Leisure Time Since the end of the Second World War, the standard of living for ordinary people has improved. Holiday time and disposable income have increased. Wider car ownership has made the population more mobile and made it easier for people to participate in sports. Although women generally tend to have less free time than men, the success of female athletes at Olympic Games has encouraged more women to participate in sport.

26. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Improved Facilities After World War II there was a growing demand for sports facilities so more and more indoor sports centres were built. The first sports centre was built in Harlow, Essex in 1964. These are now common in every town. • Sports such as basketball, volleyball and gymnastics grew in popularity due to the development of leisure centres. • Floodlights also caused another increase in sports such as rugby and football in the 1960s. • Synthetic pitches (astro turf) in the 1970s and 1980s also allowed for more participation in mainly hockey, football, tennis and athletics. Table showing the increase in sports facilities in Wales 1972-1997 by the Sports Council for Wales (1999)

27. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Health and Fitness There was a growing interest in health and fitness with many taking up jogging in the 1970s and aerobics in the 1980s. Despite this there was growing concern about the levels of obesity. This led to more private gyms opening. • New complexes were built and older sports centres upgraded to cater for new gyms with up to date equipment and better quality swimming pools. • Walking and cycling became even more popular as people kept healthy and enjoyed the open air. • Outdoor activities such as climbing, skiing, canoeing and mountain biking were popular with many people and schools and clubs started to offer these activities. • PlasMenai built in Wales in 1986 catered for these new extreme sports such as white water rafting, canoeing, sailing, caving and rock climbing. Table showing the percentage of people participating in sport in Wales between 1994-2004. Sports Council for Wales (2005)

28. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Disabled Sports After the Second World War due to a large number of injured soldiers and people sport was seen as a way to rehabilitate people. This then grew into competitive sport over time and was led forward by Britain. • In 1948 London hosted the Olympic Games at the same time in Stoke Mandeville Hospital a competition of wheelchair athletics was held. This eventually developed into the Paralympic Games. • For those with ‘intellectual disabilities’ sport was organised in the 1960s through the Special Olympics which still exists. • However, whilst many have access to good facilities issues such as lack of transport or money still provide barriers to taking part.

29. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Women Women have always taken part in sport but their involvement grew massively in the later 20th century. The media also began to recognise their successes more especially due to Olympic success for female athletes. • At the Olympics in 1956 Gillian Sheen won a gold medal in fencing & 1964 Mary Rand won the first ever gold in athletics for a British woman. However, they were still not allowed to enter all the Olympic sports. • Women also started to take up horse racing and rugby in the 1970s which had been just for men before. This was because of a changing view of women’s role in society. • Female sports people are however still very often paid less than men and they don’t get as much coverage from the media.

30. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Junior Sport Schools as always still teach compulsory PE but over the years the matches played between schools has become less and less. This left behind a gap that was filled by local clubs. Soon leagues and competitions were organised by clubs and different sports A whole variety of youth groups took a leading role in organising sport and competitions for every young person. Sports clubs also began to coach and organise with an emphasis on developing talent and giving enjoyment.

31. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Spectator Sport By the 1960s many football grounds had become dangerous due to a lack of maintenance. This led eventually to a series of disasters that meant change had to happen; this led to all-seating stadiums being developed. • Bradford, 1985 – over 50 fans died in a fire in one very rundown stand. • Hillsborough, 1989 – due to hooliganism in the 1970s and 1980s many clubs put up fences to stop fans entering the pitch. However, this was a terrible decision as 95 Liverpool fans died in the crush against these barriers. • Many football clubs have now developed new all-seating stadiums within the last 20 years as a result of Hillsborough report. • Within the last 20 years many clubs have built brand new stadiums making the modern experience of sport very different from the 1970s and 1980s.

32. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century Controversy in sport Television and Sponsorship Use the sheets to help design a revision guide based on these two topics. This could be as a poster, leaflet or something more creative but just as useful.

33. Learning Objective: Tounderstand how sport changed in the later 20th century What new key words have I used in this lesson? Have I achieved the target I aimed for? Write 2 sentences to show why sport changed in the later 20th century.

34. Learning Objective: To be able to reflect on my own work and identify areas for revision. End of unit The growth and development of sport in Wales and England • Topics covered: • The distinction between amateur and professional sport • The growth of spectator sport • The influence of the media up to the 1970s • Sporting stars • Opportunities for participation and recreation in the late twentieth century • The influence of television and sponsorship in the late twentieth century • Controversy in sport