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Perovskite Solar Cell Devices

Perovskite Solar Cell Devices. Madeleine Wilsey Co-Authors: Matthew Milot , Rainie Nelson, Atefe Haidi , and Dr. Matthew Panthani. Outline. Introduction Solar cells Perovskite solar devices Methods Melt-processing Dip-processing Results Conclusions. How Solar Devices work.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Devices

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  1. Perovskite Solar Cell Devices Madeleine Wilsey Co-Authors: Matthew Milot, Rainie Nelson, AtefeHaidi, and Dr. Matthew Panthani

  2. Outline • Introduction • Solar cells • Perovskite solar devices • Methods • Melt-processing • Dip-processing • Results • Conclusions

  3. How Solar Devices work • Perovskite is active layer • TiO2 electron acceptor (n-type) • Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material (p-type) • Electrons move to anode (FTO/ TiO2) • Holes move to cathode (Spiro-OMeTAD/Gold) • Electrons absorb energy and are promoted to conduction band (n-type) • Holes left in valence band (p-type)

  4. Evolution of Solar Cell Devices • Used today: Monocrystalline silicon solar cells • Highest power output • Lasts the longest • Conventional thin-films only 7-10% efficiency

  5. Comparison of Solar Devices

  6. What is a Perovskite Solar Device? • Derive from ABX3 crystal structure • Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide • 2D and 3D Structures • Inorganic-organic hybrid

  7. Research Focus • Find production method that is • Efficient • Can be scaled up • Limited harmful solvents • Inexpensive • Melt-processing followed by dip-processing • Uses cation exchange to change composition from (PEA)PbI4 to MAPbI3

  8. Melt-Processing the Films • Put small hot plate 10*C above melting point on substrate • Hold until film melts • Put small amount of crystals on substrate • Put top substrate on crystals • Set to the melting point of the crystals • Put bottom substrate on hot plate

  9. Dip-Processing the Films • Place film into solution • Rinse with 4mL Isopropanol • Let dry at 100*C for 10 min • Let sit in solution for ~10 min

  10. Synthesis Results • Same XRD pattern due to similar crystal structure • Shift in 2-theta due to different masses of compounds • Peaks represent orientations of crystals

  11. Dip Processing Results MAPbI3 (PEA)2PbI4 Kapton MAPbI3 MAPbI3

  12. Films Produced Dip Processed Melt Processed

  13. Future Research • Fabricating devices using these films • Find dip-processing method compatible with (PEA)SnI4 • Optimize method to make thinner and smoother films

  14. Conclusions • Phenethylammonium lead/tin iodide are capable of being melt-processed using reasonable temperatures • Phenethylammonium lead iodide converts to methyl ammonium lead iodide by undergoing cation exchange when dip-processed • After dip-processing the films show an absorbance pattern like that of MAPbI3, which leads us to further conclude our films undergo the transition from (PEA)2PbI3 to MAPbI3

  15. References • Cao, D. H., Stoumpos, C. C., Yokoyama, T., Logsdon, J. L., Song, T. B., Farha, O. K., ... & Kanatzidis, M. G. (2017). Thin Films and Solar Cells Based on Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (CH3 (CH2) 3NH3) 2 (CH3NH3) n− 1SnnI3n+ 1 Perovskites. • Eperon, G. E., Beck, C. E., & Snaith, H. J. (2016). Cation exchange for thin film lead iodide perovskite interconversion. Materials Horizons, 3(1), 63-71. • Li, T., Dunlap-Shohl, W. A., Han, Q., & Mitzi, D. B. (2017). Melt Processing of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Lead Iodide Layered Perovskites. Chemistry of Materials. • Mitzi, D. B., Dimitrakopoulos, C. D., Rosner, J., Medeiros, D. R., Xu, Z., & Noyan, C. (2002). Hybrid field- effect transistor based on a low-temperature melt-processed channel layer. Advanced Materials, 14(23), 1772-1776. • Mitzi, D. B., Medeiros, D. R., & DeHaven, P. W. (2002). Low-Temperature Melt Processing of Organic− Inorganic Hybrid Films. Chemistry of materials, 14(7), 2839-2841.

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