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Earth’s Surface

Earth’s Surface. Mr. Greathouse Chapter 2.2. Identifying Minerals. Color and Streak COLOR cannot be identified simply by looking at a mineral Outside appearance can vary due to erosion, bacteria, or other factors. A streak test must be conducted to tell the color of a mineral.

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Earth’s Surface

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  1. Earth’s Surface Mr. Greathouse Chapter 2.2

  2. Identifying Minerals • Color and Streak • COLOR cannot be identified simply by looking at a mineral • Outside appearance can vary due to erosion, bacteria, or other factors. • A streak test must be conducted to tell the color of a mineral

  3. STREAK: The color left behind after a mineral is scraped across a surface

  4. Streak

  5. Luster • Luster: the way the light reflects from a minerals surface. • There are two types of luster: • Metallic (looks like metal) • Nonmetallic (doesn’t look like metal)

  6. Luster

  7. Check for understanding • What is the difference between streak and luster? • A) There is no difference • B) Streak is how shiny a mineral is, and luster is the mark a mineral leaves behind. • C) Luster is how shiny a mineral is, and streak is the mark a mineral leaves behind

  8. Breaks, Cracks, Fractures • The way a mineral breaks and cracks can help identify it. • Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces • If minerals break along FLAT surfaces, its atoms have WEAK bonds

  9. Cleavage

  10. Fracture • Fracture: the tendency of a mineral to break into irregular pieces (curves, splinters, rough, jagged). • If a mineral breaks into irregular pieces, its atoms have STRONG bonds. • There are 3 main types of fractures

  11. Fractures • Conchoidal Fracture: a curved breakage that often occurs in amorphous (without shape) or fine-grained minerals. CAN happen in crystalline as well. • Examples: Opal, Quartz

  12. Fractures • Earthy fracture: is similar to freshly broken soil. • Usually seen in soft, loosely-bound minerals

  13. Fractures • Hackly fractures: jagged, sharp, and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn. • Examples: copper, silver

  14. Check for understanding • What is the difference between fracture and cleavage? • A) Facture is irregular breaks and Cleavage is flat breaks • B) Cleavage is irregular breaks and Fracture is flat breaks • C) Fractures are always shorter breaks than cleavage

  15. Check for understanding • Which kind of break has stronger atomic bonds? • A) Cleavage • B) Fracture • C) It is impossible to tell

  16. Density • Density: the amount of mass in a given volume • Example: • The amount of g in a mL, or g/mL • The amount of g in a cm3, or g/cm3 • When 2 objects have the same mass, the one with the smallest volume is denser • When 2 objects have the same volume, the one with most mass is denser

  17. Same mass- which is more dense?

  18. Same volume- which is more dense?

  19. Tree Map • Lets create a tree map with out partner (I need to see BOTH handwritings) • Our tree maps will have 7 ways to identify a mineral, so how many branches should it have? • We have gone over 5 so far, what are they? • Streak • Luster • Cleavage • Fracture • Density • Include definition and examples of each

  20. Hardness • Hardness: a minerals resistance to being sctratched. • Something called the Mohs scale is used to describe a minerals hardness. • A harder mineral will scratch a softer mineral. • Harder minerals have stronger bonds

  21. Mohs Scale Remember talc from 2.1, and how LeBron throws it into the air? What is the hardest substance we know of? Which would scratch which between talc and diamond? Which are likely to fracture? Which is likely to cleavage?

  22. Special Properties • Some minerals have special properties • Some minerals show reactivity • Other minerals have fluorescence • Others display magnetism

  23. Reactivity • Remember from chemistry, some elements and compounds react with each other. • Some minerals react with acid to form bubbles (gas)

  24. Fluorescence • Fluorescence: a property of a mineral allowing it to emit visible light with exposed to UV light, or after being exposed to UV light.

  25. Magnetism • Magnetism: the ability to respond to magnetic force • Iron, nickel, magnetite are magnetic

  26. Finish • Finish the tree map • Hardness • Special • Reactivity • Fluorescence • Magnetism • Prepare for lab

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