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IRCS Denver, Colorado, October 06 - 08, 2008 Railway Suicide Prevention of Deutsche Bahn

Systemverbund. IRCS Denver, Colorado, October 06 - 08, 2008 Railway Suicide Prevention of Deutsche Bahn. Deutsche Bahn. Fritz Schröder. VBS. Frankfurt (Main) - Germany. IRSC Denver Railway Suicide Prevention of DB.

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IRCS Denver, Colorado, October 06 - 08, 2008 Railway Suicide Prevention of Deutsche Bahn

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  1. Systemverbund IRCS Denver, Colorado, October 06 - 08, 2008Railway Suicide Prevention of Deutsche Bahn Deutsche Bahn Fritz Schröder VBS Frankfurt (Main) - Germany Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  2. IRSC Denver Railway Suicide Prevention of DB • Suicides encompass considerable problems for railway and have far-reaching consequences, like • Grief of the surviving relatives • Destiny of the seriously injuries persons with a failed suicide attempt • Traumatisation of the train drivers and the train staff • Loss of quality by delays and diversion because of track blockage after suicide • The department of Safety started a suicide prevention program with the aim to reduce the suicide rate in 2000 Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  3. IRSC DenverFigures of railway suicide events Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  4. IRSC DenverRaiway Suicide Definition Suicides on railway or subway tracks are classified in the mortality recording according to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) category as: “…intentional self-harm by jumping or lying in front of a moving object” (code X81) Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  5. IRSC DenverPercentage of fatal and nonfatal outcome of railway suicides, 2003 – 2007 (n=3999*) *) in one event can be more than one person involvedNumbers of events = 8722 Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  6. IRSC DenverClassification of Railway Suicides • „Jumpers“ – • persons jumping in front of trains (most often in railway stations under full public access) • „Liers“ – • persons awaiting the train by lying on the track (often death by decapitation) • „Wanderers“ – • walking or creeping along the track • „Touchers“ – • persons touching electrical facilities • Guggenheim & Weisman (1972) Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  7. IRSC DenverAbsolute figures and rates of all suicides and railway suicides, 1998 - 2007 Germany (per 100.000 inhabitants) Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  8. IRSC DenverAvarage of Railway suicides 2003 - 2007 monthly distribution Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  9. IRSC DenverMonthly distribution of railway suicides 2003-2007, stratified for sex, n=1187 *) Percent x 10 *) Only for 1187 events the sex was known Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  10. IRSC DenverAvarage of Railway suicides 2003 - 2007 weekday distribution Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  11. IRSC DenverAvarage of Railway suicides 2003 - 2007 chronologically order Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  12. IRSC DenverAverage failure days of the train driver 2004 – 2007 down-time days Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  13. IRSC DenverAverage time of track blocking per suicide in minutes Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  14. IRSC DenverPreventive tools – Structural mesures • Identification of hot spots • Analyse which places are chosen for a railway suicide more often • Our criteria for an hot spot:  1 case per year over a 5-year observation period • Track length approx. 34.000 km in 2007 • probability >1 : 34.000 for a repeated occurance of a suicide event • on a track km Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  15. IRSC DenverHot spot identification on the railway track system of DB North Germany South Germany Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  16. IRSC DenverPreventive tools – Structural mesures • „ Closing the exits“ •  Complicate unauthorised access places to the tracks Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  17. IRSC DenverPreventive tools – Structural mesures „Closing the exits“ Pictures of Haar (South Germany) A place to die Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  18. IRSC DenverPreventive tools - Mass media approach • Communicative measures • No reports on the suicide of the media • Introducing new rules for public announcements • Providing educational tools and open free access to prepared lectures on the importance of the Werther effect Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  19. IRSC DenverPreventive tools - Mass media approach Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  20. IRSC DenverDecember, 29th 2006 10:00 am Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  21. IRSC DenverDecember, 29th 2006 10:00 am 29.12.2006 incidence Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  22. IRSC DenverDecember, 29th 2006 10:00 am 29.12.2006 incidence Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  23. IRSC DenverPreventive tools -Counseling/education of staff with access to clients in railway stations Gatekeepers “…organizational gatekeepers whose contact with potentially vulnerable populations provides an opportunity to identify at-risk individuals and direct them to appropriate assessment and treatment.” (Mann et al., 2005) Successfully evaluated by Mishara (1999) Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  24. IRSC DenverPreventive tools - Counseling/education of staff with access to clients in railway stations • Increasing knowledge about suicidal behaviour • Being familiar with and alert for particular vulnerable time windows of excess risk for railway suicides • Increasing awareness of deviant behaviour • Encouraging staff members to be initative in case of being confronted with subjects at risk • Educating basic skills how to approach subjects at risk properly Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  25. IRSC DenverPreventive tools - Announcements • Automatically transmitted announcements in trains and on station platforms along trunk lines may reach ten thousands of passengers. • Railway companies are advised to design announcement schedules that serve the purpose of informing passengers and bystanders about a critical incidence leading to a break-down of railway traffic and avoids promotion and further implementation of the railway suicide method • “…due to an emergency medicine operation on the track” Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  26. IRSC DenverFurther activities in psychiatrically clinics • attempt to gain new knowledge from patients' files • Formation of score values to recognise patients who show intentions of a suicide Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  27. IRSC DenverFurther activities • Member of the German National Suicide Prevention Council • Include Raiway Suicide Prevention in the EU research programm Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

  28. IRSC Denver Thank you very much for your attention Deutsche Bahn, Safety, Fritz Schröder, 06. - 08.10.08

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