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Forensic Drug Analysis

Forensic Drug Analysis. 60 % of Forensics Lab work is drugs 85-90% of all Criminal Cases involve drugs. Addiction. Physical vs. Psychological addiction Physical causes withdrawl symptoms Ex: Alcohol, Narcotics, Depressants Psychological addiction

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Forensic Drug Analysis

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  1. Forensic Drug Analysis 60 % of Forensics Lab work is drugs 85-90% of all Criminal Cases involve drugs

  2. Addiction • Physical vs. Psychological addiction • Physical • causes withdrawlsymptoms • Ex: Alcohol, Narcotics, Depressants • Psychological addiction • Dopamine release; satisfies an emotional need • Ex: Cocaine, PCP

  3. Classification of Drugs • Opiates/Narcotics • Reduce sensation – sleep like state • morphine, heroin, codeine, fentanyl • Both physically and psychologically addictive • Stimulants • Stimulates, speeds up, the central nervous system (CNS) • high energy, euphoria • amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine • Psychologically addictive

  4. Classification of Drugs • Hallucinogens • Alters perceptions, “gen”erates illusions • LSD (acid), PCP(angel dust), MDMA (Ecstasy), Mescaline (peyote cactus), Marijuana (THC), hallucinagenic mushrooms (psilocybin) • Most neither physical nor psychological dependence

  5. Depressants • Depress CNS, drowsiness, slowed response • Barbiturates(Phenobarbital), Ethanol • Valium (diazepam), Xanax (alprazolam) • Physically and psychologically addictive

  6. Controlled Substances • Schedules • I: No approved medical use • LSD, Heroin, Psilocyn, Psilocybin, Marijuana, • MDMA, Mescaline, Methaqualone • II: Medical use, severely addictive • Methamphetamine, Cocaine, Codeine, Morphine • Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Methylphenidate • Meperidine, PCP, Phenmetrazine, Oxycodone, • Oxymorphone, Butyl nitrite, Amobarbital, • Secobarbital, Pentobarbital • III: Medical use, somewhat addictive • Morphine & Codeine in mixture, Opium, Pentobarbital (Mix) • Anabolic Steroids (1991)

  7. Controlled Substances II • IV: Medical use, low addictive potential • Xanax & Valium • Ephedrine • Codeine cough syrup • Phenobarbital • V: OTC • Mixtures of analgesics and opiates • Propylhexedrine (decongestant)

  8. Analysis Sequence • Observations • Rock like, powdered, wet • Screening Test • A presumptive test used to reduce the number of possible identities of an unknown substance

  9. Duquenois-Levine Color test THC screening….. Marijuana and Hashish Drops added to vegetation, turns purple color Screening for Marijuana

  10. Confirmed at the Lab • Chromatography = separation of mixtures • Thin Layer (TLC) • Gas chromatography (GC) • Liquid chromatography (LC) • Paper chromatography

  11. TLC of Marijuana Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) • Marijuana is a mixture of compounds • Components spread out in solvent Components of various sizes and solubilities travel further

  12. Under the scope: Marijuana • Green Plant Material • Must be dry, in paper • Microscopic Examination • Look for “Bear Claw” cystolythic hair on top surface of leaf

  13. Marquis Test – ex: Nark II Primary presumptive test used for ecstasy testing. Also used to test for cocaine, opiates (e.g. methadone, heroin), and methamphetamine. PurpleOpiates Orange to brown Amphetamine & Meth BlueEcstasy Red Aspirin Pink cocaine Color Screening Tests for other drugs

  14. Watch the video and then answer the questions. Video Link: http://www.aetv.com/crime-360/video/index.jsp?bcpid=1459183602&bclid=1459293923&bctid=1620577030 1. What kit do investigators use to identify a type of drug?A. Mark II B. Nark II C. Dark II 2. True or False?Investigators taste a drug sample to identify what it is. 3. What color would morphine or heroin turn after the reaction?A. Black B. Brown C. Purple 4. How long did the investigator have to agitate the sample?A. 12 seconds B. 20 seconds C. 60 seconds 5. What type of drug was the test sample? A. Morphine or Heroin B. Ecstasy C. Amphetamine or Meth

  15. The answers are … 1. What kit do investigators use to identify a type of drug?A. Mark II B. Nark II C. Dark II 2. True or False?Investigators taste a drug sample to identify what it is. 3. What color would morphine or heroin turn after the reaction?A. Black B. Brown C. Purple 4. How long did the investigator have to agitate the sample?A. 12 seconds B. 20 seconds C. 60 seconds 5. What type of drug was the test sample? A. Morphine or Heroin B. Ecstasy C. Amphetamine or Meth

  16. Microcrystalline test • Chemical reagent is added which causes crystals to form • Crystals have different shape depending upon what drug Cocaine Methamphetamine

  17. Infrared (IR) Drug “Fingerprinting” Substance is dissolved in solution IR waves sent thru the mixture Reflect back a “fingerprint” of the substance(s) in the mix Spectral comparison of Prozac with a fluoxetine hydrochloride (10 mg) lactose-formulated product –a knock-off.

  18. Infrared (IR) Drug “Fingerprinting” continued Spectral comparison of Prozac with a fluoxetine hydrochloride starch-formulated generic product.

  19. Drug Testing in the Body • Urine is most common • Immunoassay • Based on antigen-antibody binding specificity • Antibody produced by injecting antigen (drug) into rabbit • Antibodies will bind to drug in urine • Confirmation done w/TLC

  20. False positives in Immunoassays • Poppy seeds and Vicks 44 for opiates • Decongestants for amphetamines • Benadryl and numerous cough syrups for PCP

  21. Heroin

  22. marijuana

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