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Preventing Nicotine Toxicity

Preventing Nicotine Toxicity. By: Kayleigh Makoid. Background. Nicotine Epinephrine Daphnia Previous testing. Question. Are there inhibitory effects of epinephrine on nicotine toxicity?. Hypothesis.

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Preventing Nicotine Toxicity

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  1. Preventing Nicotine Toxicity By: Kayleigh Makoid

  2. Background • Nicotine • Epinephrine • Daphnia • Previous testing

  3. Question • Are there inhibitory effects of epinephrine on nicotine toxicity?

  4. Hypothesis • My hypothesis is if the nicotine concentration increases, then the daphnia will die for both molar amounts of epinephrine.

  5. Materials • Microscope • 100–1000 μL micropipette • Pipettes • Distilled Water • Nicotine solution • Epinephrine • 15 mL centrifuge tubes • 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes • Stand for centrifuge tubes • Goggles • Gloves

  6. 2mL of Nicotine + 8mL of H20= 1M (1000mM) • 1mL of above solution + 19mL of H20= 10mM • 1mL of above solution + 19mL of H20= .1mM • 1mL of above solution + 9mL of H20= .01mM • 1mL of above solution + 9mL of H20= .001mM • 1mL of above solution + 9mL of H20= .0001mM • Insert each solution into five separate 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes • 4.5 mL of H20 in 3 flasks • Add .5mL of epinephrine to first flask • Add .5mL of the above solution to the second flask • Add .5mL of the above solution to the third flask Preparation of the Nicotine Solution Preparation of the Epinephrine

  7. Experimentation • Allow 12 daphnia to soak in each solution of epinephrine prepared for 10 minutes • Put daphnia under microscope • Add drop of each concentration of nicotine to different daphnia (two for every dilution of nicotine) • Count heartbeats for 1 min per Daphnia • Record results heart

  8. Tables .001M Epinephrine .1M Epinephrine Controls

  9. Effect of Nicotine & Epinephrine on Heartbeat IC50 for Nicotine=4.9990 Standard Deviation for Nicotine= 2.3604 IC50 for Epinephrine=10.9100 Standard Deviation for Epinephrine=1.6994

  10. Effect of Different Epinephrine Concentrations IC50 for .001M epinephrine competition 27.9300 IC50 for .1 M epinephrine competition 6.3520 x 10-3 Standard deviation for .001 M is 0.2635 Standard deviation for .1 M is 0.2187

  11. Additional Information Independent variable • Concentration of epinephrine Dependent variable • Heartbeats of the Daphnia Controls • Water, epinephrine, and nicotine Constants • Room temperature, fume hood, microscope, and daphnia species

  12. Conclusion • Epinephrine is effective at .1M concentration to treat low dosages of Nicotine poisoning • Hypothesis partially supported

  13. Death of Daphnia • Aging solutions • .1M Epinephrine’s potency on Daphnia • Inability to be precise with counting • Test other molar amounts of epinephrine on nicotine Factors the Affected Accuracy Future Experimentation

  14. Bibliography • Clare, John, P.. D, “Daphnia.” Caudata. N.p., July 2002. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. <http://www.caudata.org/‌daphnia/>. • “Epinephrine Injection.” MedlinePlus. N.p., 1 Sept. 2008. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/‌medlineplus/‌druginfo/‌meds/‌a603002.html>. • Meeker-O’Connell, Ann. “How Nicotine Works.” Discovery Health. N.p., 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/‌wellness/‌drugs-alcohol/‌nicotine.htm>. • “Nicotine Information.” Home Drug Testing Kit. N.p., 10 Dec. 2002. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. <http://www.homedrugtestingkit.com/‌nicotine.html>. • Scott, Elizabeth. “The Definition Of Epinephrine.” About. com. N.p., 22 Dec. 2007. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. <http://stress.about.com/‌od/‌stressmanagementglossary/‌g/‌Epinephrine.htm>.

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