Horse Lecture #2

1. Horse Lecture #2 Body Parts, Facial Markings, Digestive Tract, Nutrition Requirements

2. Body Parts • Poll • Withers • Croup • Muzzle • Latch • Stifle • Hock • Cannon • Hoof • Coronet • Fetlock • Pastern

3. FACIAL MARKINGS

5. Star • White marking between eyes. • Comes in many shapes.

7. Stripe • Thin line down front of nose

9. SNIP • Small white fleck between nostrils.

11. BLAZE • Thick white line down front of nose. Horse also has a star.

13. BALD • Very wide blaze that extends to and may cover the eyes, nostrils, and upper lip. • Horses with bald faces often have white that extends to the lower lip as well.

15. Let's Do Some Practice !!

17. STAR

19. BLAZE

20. Face Markings • Star • Stripe • White Face • Blaze • Snip • Interrupted Stripe

21. Digestive Tract • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Cecum • Large Colon • Small Colon Rectum

22. Monogastric stomach: Digestion through digestive juices unlike the microbial fermentation of ruminants. • Esophagus (food passes from mouth to stomach) • Stomach (digestive juices breakdown food) • Small Intestine (starch, sugar, fats, vitamins, and 1/2 of protein absorbed) • Large Intestine (Fermentation by microbes/bacteria. Remaining protein and some minerals absorbed.) • Includes: Cecum, Large Colon, Small Colon

23. Horse Stomach • The stomach of a horse is smaller, compared to other species, in relation to the size of the animal. • Therefore, it is more desirable to feed horses in smaller amounts at one time but provide more frequent feedings.

25. Large Intestine, Horses • IMPORTANT- because the large intestine of the horse usually contains substantial quantities of ingested material, impaction occurs easily. • This impaction is the start of what horse ailment? • Colic

26. Horses can’t what! • Burp or vomit! • Theircardiac sphincter (valve between esophagus and stomach) only works 1-way. • Once food/air goes in…. They also are obligate nose-breathers!

27. Large Intestine, Horses • Cecum is an important organ in horses. • The large intestine makes up approximately 60% of the total digestive tract. • Divided into cecum, large colon, small colon and rectum. • Horses can use large amounts of roughage because of the presence of bacteria in the cecum and colon. • These bacteria digest hemicelluloses and cellulose and ferment carbohydrates.

29. Horse Care • Nutrition: Requires about 2% of body wt daily • Feed smaller amounts than cows, more frequently • 10-12 gallons of fresh water per day • Balance Hays, Grains, and Supplements • Diet: 80% roughage & 20% concentrate • more grain if horse is working hard, not to exceed 50% of diet grain because of increased likelihood of colic and possibly laminitis (founder).

30. Equine Feeds

31. Classes of Feeds • Roughages • Concentrates • Supplements

32. Roughages • High in Fiber • Low in Energy • Pasture (2 acres per horse) • Hay (most common) • Forage Crops • Silage

33. Concentrates • Low in fiber and high in energy • Grains: Oats (most popular), Barley, Corn (energy-dense) • Grain by-products

34. Molasses • A popular component of mixed concentrates • Palatable • Cheap source of energy • Can reduce the quantity of dust in feed • 5% of the ration - recommended

35. Supplements • Can help correct deficiencies in protein, minerals, and vitamins. • Increases nutritive value • 3common types • Protein (Higher energy horses need more) • Vitamin (A, B, D, E) • Mineral (Calcium, Phosphorous, Sodium Chloride)

36. Extra Material/Curriculum • STOP

37. LEG MARKINGS

38. SOCK • Small white marking up to and including the pastern.

40. WHITE HEEL • Small white marking on the heel, at the back of the hoof..

42. STOCKING • White marking finishing around the knee or hock.

44. HALF STOCKING • White marking that ends around half-way up the cannon bone.

46. CORONET BAND • Small white ring around the coronet band, above the hoof.

48. IRREGULAR STOCKING • Stocking that continues up the leg • Stocking that continues up the leg, but only partially.