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Dialect and identity among adolescents in present day Norway

Dialect and identity among adolescents in present day Norway. Unn Røyneland University of Oslo High fidelity or p u r e j a l l a ? The problem of purism in culture, language and esthetics November 14-15 2003 , Høgskolen i Hedmark. The language situation in Norway.

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Dialect and identity among adolescents in present day Norway

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  1. Dialect and identity among adolescents in present day Norway Unn Røyneland University of Oslo High fidelity or purejalla? The problem of purism in culture, language and estheticsNovember 14-15 2003, Høgskolen i Hedmark

  2. The language situation in Norway

  3. Åsne 17 years from Tynset Åsne: = viss vi kjæm til Oslo så ser dæm på oss som bygdetullinger det trur jæ og bønder dumme bønder [det trur] jæ =e= Åsne: = if we come to Oslo then they look at us as rural weirdoes I think and peasants stupid peasants [I think] I =e=

  4. Dialect • regional, social or ethnic variety of a language • geographically determined variety - geolect Standard • overarching spoken variety closely related to the written standard norm • the spoken East Norwegian standard, close to the written Bokmål standard

  5. Modern Norwegian dialect change:regional dialect levelling • horizontal (dialect-dialect) levelling • vertical (dialect-standard) levelling complete convergence incomplete convergence • emergence of intermediate forms

  6. Identity • Dynamic, multi-layered, changeable and negotiable • Social identity here operationalized trough affiliations of different kinds: to social groups, to the local community and through socio-cultural orientation ex. towards local lifestyle and local norms or towards urban lifestyle and urban norms

  7. Comparative apparent time study of two neighbouring areas • Areas of study: Røros and Tynset • Located 50 km apart • Belong traditionally to different dialect areas, but still they have many dialect features in common • Ethnographic fieldwork, interview with 27 adolescents and 10 adults • 16 features, 12 social characteristics Røros Tynset

  8. Palatalization of long alveolars and alveolar clusters ballba[],kveldkve[],spesieltspesie[c] mann ma[], band ba[], sant sa[c]

  9. Gliding scale local: palatal – palatalized – apical post-alveolar – apical alveolar – laminal alveolar: standard a   /l6/ [l6] alveolar [] palatal [lJ] palatalized /l/ [] alveolar [] post-alveolar laminal i   apical alveolar post-alveolar

  10. Long alveolars and alveolar clusters in Røros og Tynset TYNSET RØROS 765 tokens 16 informants 1192 tokens 21 informants

  11. Use of the different l-qualities according to group membership and local affiliation Cruisers School/sport School/culture Skaters

  12. Carola frå Røros Carola: [[=e=]] mer enn mange ja trur je [vertfall] tå dæm =e= kule folka som hate Røros og-- dæm prøve jo å legg om bevisst ’a = dæm skal jo itt snakke noe rørosisk for det er jo = ikke noe kult (LATTER) [[for å si det sånn]] det er bondespråk har je fått inntrykk av at det er sånn [=] men = je vet itt je = det er itt så mange som snakke [[kav rørosisk vet je]] Carola: [[=e=]] yes more than most I think [at least] of the =e= cool people who hate Røros and– they consciously try to change = they won’t speak the dialect because it’s not cool (LAUGHTER) [[to put it like that]] it’s the language of peasants that’s my impression [=] but = I don’ know = there are not so many who speak [[the traditional dialect]]

  13. Cultural orientation, local Urban academic, mobil Modernity LOCAL URBAN Tradition Mobil, but traditional Local orientation traditionalist Local features Levelled features

  14. Ina 17 years from Tynset Ina: nei det er vel kanskje en del som ikke føler at dæm er-- har noe– at det er noe å føle tilhørighet om for vi har ikke noe sånn noe å vår stolt av på Tynset som dæm har på Røros så at vi føler behov for å = ja det kan godt vår [= ] men det har noe med forskjellig utgangspunkt og det da = at dæm har mer-- = en rørosing er en rørosing men en tynseting er noe litt mer udefinerbart det finnes mange sånne som meg sånn = Ina: I suppose there are some people who don’t feel that they are = have something- that there is anything to feel affiliation with because we don’t have anything to be proud about in Tynset like they have in Røros so we feel the need to = yes that may be [=] but it’s got to do with different points of departure too = that they have more- = a “rørosing” is a “rørosing” but a “tynseting” is something a bit more indefinable there are many people like me like =

  15. Litteratur • Abrahamsen, J. E. 1995. Utvalde palatal-tal: metodekritisk ljos på avpalataliseringi i yngre mål i Herøy på Sunnmøre. Trondheim: Hovedoppgave i nordisk – NTNU. • Auer, Peter & Frans Hinskens 1996.The convergence and divergenceof dialects in Europe. New and not so new developments in an old area. Sociolinguistica No. 10,1-25 (ed. Ammon, Mattheier, Nelde) Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. • - 2001. A Typology of European Dialect/Standard Constellations, or Europe’s Sociolinguistic Unity. Plenary paper given at the 34th Societas Linguistica Europaea Meeting in Leuven, Belgium 28.08 – 01.09.2001. • Blom, Jan P. & John J. Gumperz.1972. Social meaning in linguistic structure: code-switching in Norway. In Directions in Sociolinguistics, Gumperz, J. & D. Hymes (eds.), 407-434. New York: Academic Press. • Dahl, O. C. 1981. Lateraler i en trønderdialekt, i I Jahr, E. H. & O. Lorentz (red.) Fonologi/ Phonology. Studier i språkvitenskap 1. Oslo: Novus, 308-318. • Endresen, R. T. 1991. Fonetikk og fonologi. Ei elementær innføring. Oslo: Universistetsforlaget. • - 2000. Språklydlære: fonetikk og fonologi, i Endresen, Simonsen & Sveen (red.). Innføring i lingvistikk. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. • Hanssen, E. 1990. Nordland, i Jahr, E.-H. Den store Dialektboka, Oslo: Novus. • Jahr, E. H. 1981. L-fonema i Oslo bymål. I Jahr, E. H. & O. Lorentz (red.) Fonologi/Phonology. Studier i språkvitenskap 1. Oslo: Novus, 328-344. • Ladefoged, P. 2001. Vowels and Consonants. An Introduction to the Sounds of Language. Massachusetts USA & Oxford UK: Blackwell. • Moen, I. & H. G. Simonsen 1997. Kontaktmønstre for apikale plosiver i østnorsk, MONS 7, 154-168.

  16. Litteratur forts. Mæhlum, Brit 1992. Dialektal sosialisering. En studie av barn og ungdoms språklige strategier i Longyearbyen på Svalbard. Oslo: Novus. - (1996). Codeswitching in Hemnesberget – Myth or reality? Journal of Pragmatics 25, 749-761. Røyneland, Unn 1998. Språkleg regionalisering på Røros og Tynset. Målbryting 2, 98-120. • 2001a. Is age-grading always a potential problem in apparent time studies? In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Language Variation in Europe, Fontana, J., L. McNally, T. M. Turell , E. Vallduví (eds.), 187-197. - (forthcoming). Dialects in Norway - catching up with the rest of Euope? In Are dialects in Europe dying? Special issue of The Internatonal Journal of the Sociology of Language. Sandøy, Helge 1998. The Diffusion of a New Morphology in Norwegian Dialects. Folia Linguistica 32, 83-100. • 2000. Utviklingslinjer i moderne norske dialektar. Folkmålsstudier 39, 345-384. Simonsen, H. G. & I. Moen 2001. En elektronisk database over norske språklyder. MONS 9 Oslo: Novus, 211-220. Skjekkeland, Martin (2000). Dialektutviklinga i Noreg dei siste 15 åra – drøfting og analyse. Skriftserien nr. 67, Høgskolen i Agder. Vold Ulset, K. A. 2002. Språklig regionalisering i Trøndelag. En studie av ungdommers talemål i nedre Melhus. Hovudoppgåve i nordisk språk, INL, NTNU.

  17. Universitetet i OsloHistorisk-filosofisk fakultet Unn Røyneland Institutt for nordistikk og litteraturvitskap Pb. 1013 Blindern 0315 Oslo e-post: unn.royneland@inl.uio.no

  18. Different tendencies - Regionalization around regional centers in north and west – both horizontal og vertical levelling - Regionalization towards Oslo and East Norwegian standardin the eastern part – mostly vertical levelling

  19. Regionalization • the region gradually replaces the local community as the important linguistic and mental orientation unit • more important to display regional affiliation and identity than strictly local • local “places” do not stop being important

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