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Student Note Outline: Introduction to Specialty Feeds

Student Note Outline: Introduction to Specialty Feeds. Protein Supplements. More than 20% protein Animal Protein Supplements inedible tissues from meat packing Surplus milk products marine sources feather meal (85% protein) poor quality, must be hydrolized, less than 5% in hog ration.

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Student Note Outline: Introduction to Specialty Feeds

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  1. Student Note Outline:Introduction to Specialty Feeds

  2. Protein Supplements • More than 20% protein • Animal Protein Supplements • inedible tissues from meat packing • Surplus milk products • marine sources • feather meal (85% protein) poor quality, must be hydrolized, less than 5% in hog ration

  3. Protein Supplements • Plant Protein Supplements • oilseed by-products • soybean meal • cottonseed meal • linseed meal • peanut meal • safflower seed • rapeseed meal

  4. Protein Supplements • Plant Protein Supplements • Hogs and chickens usually fed some protein feeds of animal origin (essential amino acids) • Ruminants = protein quality is less important • Protein quality usually higher if variety of feeds are used

  5. Protein Supplements • Non-protein Nitrogen Sources (NPN) • Ruminants - microorganisms (simple plants) in rumen convert nitrogen into protein

  6. Non-protein Nitrogen Sources (NPN) • Urea - made from anhydrous ammonia • Fertilizer, Feed Additive, Plastics • Urea is the end product in nearly all mammals • Urea = 28% protein • Max limits of Urea use (25% of protein for pregnant cows)

  7. Vitamin Supplements • Vitamins are destroyed by heat, sunlight, oxidation, mold growth • Adult Ruminants: A, D, E • synthesize B, C, K vitamins • sunlight = Vit. D • Hogs: need vitamin supplements

  8. Special Feeds • Colostrum: first milk given by mammals after parturition • contains antibodies • within 15 min to 4 hours • surplus colostrum can be frozen for up to a year or more • can feed cow colostrum to lambs etc., but some diseases are species specific

  9. Special Feeds • Milk Replacers • can’t replace colostrum • is fortified with vitamins, minerals and antibiotics • higher fat reduces diarrhea

  10. Special Feeds • Fats and Oils • acidulated soap stock, tallows, greases • Fat • Increases calories of ration (2 1/4 times energy of carbohydrates) • controls dust • animals don’t like dusty rations • lessens wear on feed mixing equip.

  11. Special Feeds • Molasses • by-product from sugar manufacture • ¾ energy value of corn • appetizer • reduce dust, pellet binder • stimulate rumen activity

  12. Additives, Implants and Injections • 80% of food animals get some drug during lifetime • chemicals that regulate growth, modify rumen activity, improve feed efficiency increase each year. • lower production costs • unsafe if used improperly

  13. Bloat Control Products • “Bloat Guard” • “Terramycin” or “Neoterramycin” • “Enproal Bloat Blox” • “Bovatec” & “Rumensin” inhibit gas formation and methane production in rumen

  14. Electrolytes • Substance when dissolved in water enables solution to conduct electric current • Salts (saline) • Replenish fluids lost from: • dehydration • diarrhea • hemorrhage • vomiting

  15. Electrolytes • Give orally if possible • Intraveneously if life threatening • Subcutaneous possible • Check with veterinarian • 7-10% of body weight in 24 hrs

  16. Flavoring Agents • Increase palatability and feed intake • Many additives taste or smell bad

  17. Implants • small pellet deposited under skin behind the ear • Promote growth • “Compudose”-steers any age or wt • “Finaplex”-feedlot steers • “Ralgro”-improves rate of gain • not a hormone (anabolic agent) • either sex, suckling, growing, finish

  18. Student Note Outline:Introduction to Specialty Feeds &Additives

  19. Protein Supplements • More than __________protein • Animal Protein Supplements • inedible tissues from meat packing • ______________________ • marine sources • feather meal (85% protein) poor quality, must be hydrolized, less than 5% in hog ration

  20. Protein Supplements • Plant Protein Supplements • oilseed by-products • _________________ • cottonseed meal • _________________ • peanut meal • _________________ • rapeseed meal

  21. Protein Supplements • Plant Protein Supplements • Hogs and chickens usually fed some protein feeds of animal origin (essential amino acids) • Ruminants = protein quality is less important • Protein quality usually higher if variety of feeds are used

  22. Protein Supplements • Non-protein Nitrogen Sources (NPN) • _____________- microorganisms (simple plants) in rumen convert nitrogen into protein

  23. Non-protein Nitrogen Sources (NPN) • ____________- made from anhydrous ammonia • Fertilizer, Feed Additive, Plastics • Urea is the end product in nearly all mammals • Urea = ___________protein • Max Limits of Urea use (25% of protein for pregnant cows)

  24. Vitamin Supplements • Vitamins are destroyed by heat, _______________, oxidation, mold growth • Adult Ruminants: A, D, E • synthesize B, C, K vitamins • sunlight = Vit. D • Hogs: need ____________supplements

  25. Special Feeds • _______________: first milk given by mammals after parturition • contains antibodies • within ______ min to ____ hours • surplus colostrum can be frozen for up to ______________or more • can feed cow colostrum to lambs etc., but some diseases are species specific

  26. Special Feeds • Milk Replacers • can’t replace colostrum • is fortified with__________, minerals and antibiotics • higher fat reduces diarrhea

  27. Special Feeds • Fats and Oils • acidulated soap stock, tallows, greases • Fat • ___________calories of ration (2 1/4 times energy of carbohydrates) • controls __________animals don’t like dusty rations • reduces wear on feed mixing equip.

  28. Special Feeds • Molasses • by-product from sugar manufacture • ______energy value of corn • appetizer • reduce dust, ____________ • stimulate ____________activity

  29. Additives, Implants, & Injections • _______of food animals get some drug during lifetime • chemicals that regulate growth, modify rumen activity, improve feed efficiency increase ____each year. • lower production costs • unsafe if used improperly

  30. Bloat Control Products • “Bloat Guard” • “Terramycin” or “Neoterramycin” • “Enproal Bloat Blox” • “Bovatec” & “Rumensin” inhibit gas formation and ________________ in rumen

  31. Electrolytes • Substance when dissolved in water enables solution to ______________________________ • Salts (saline) • Replenish fluids lost from: • ________________ • diarrhea • hemorrhage • ________________

  32. Electrolytes • Give orally if possible • Intraveneously if life threatening • Subcutaneous possible • Check with veterinarian • ____________of body wt. in 24 hrs

  33. Flavoring Agents • Increase palatability & ________ intake • Many additives taste or smell bad

  34. Implants • small _______deposited under skin behind the _________ • Promote growth • “Compudose”-steers any age or wt • “__________”-feedlot steers • “_________”-improves rate of gain • not a hormone (anabolic agent) • either sex, suckling, growing, finish

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