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The creation of the alliance systems

The creation of the alliance systems. Bismarck and his foreign policy 1871 - 1890. 1870 was a turning point in international relations. France defeated Britain in « splendid isolation » Bismarck wants to keep France isolated (why?) Wants to keep friends with Austria and Russia

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The creation of the alliance systems

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  1. The creation of the alliance systems Bismarck and his foreign policy 1871 - 1890

  2. 1870 was a turning point in international relations • France defeated • Britain in « splendid isolation » • Bismarck wants to keep France isolated (why?) • Wants to keep friends with Austria and Russia • Build up an alliance system to suit Germany

  3. Bismarck was successful until 1890 But it was difficult to keep Russia happy!

  4. Dealing with France • Treaty of Frankfurt 1871 • By 1873 indemnity paid off – army of occupation leaves. • 1875 war in sight crisis • Russia warns Germany to stop!

  5. Dreikaiserbund 1872 • Germany, Austria & Russia • Verbal agreement to help each other against socialist revolution, • discuss international issues • and the Eastern Question

  6. The Eastern Question • The problems in the Balkans • Ottoman empire weak • Slav peoples want their independence • Russia wants to help them • Russia wants Constantinople • This worries – Austria & Britain

  7. 1875 - Near Eastern crisis • Revolts against the Ottomans • Bulgarian massacres • Russia helps out • Treaty of San Stefano – « big Bulgaria » created

  8. The congress of Berlin 1878 • Russia forced to agree to a small Bulgaria • Austrians get protectorate over Bosnia and Herzegovina

  9. What was Bismarck up to? • Revenge! The war in sight crisis! • Supporting Russia did not appear a good idea! • Wants to keep friendly with Aust and Br • Wants to get an alliance with Aust • Control Austrian policy in the Balkans • Increase German influence in Turkey

  10. The Dual Alliance 1879 • Congress of Berlin led to this • Austria would be neutral if Germany and France fought. • Austria would help out if two countries attacked Germany. • Austria would help if Russia attacked Germany.

  11. The Triple Alliance 1881 • Italy joined Austria and Germany. • France took Tunis (Bismarck encouraged this) but Italy angry. • Aust, Ger & Italy would help each other if one were attacked by TWO other powers. • BUT Italy would not have to join a fight including Britain.

  12. The Dreikaiserbund treaty 1881 • Renewed the old Dreikaiserbund • German neutrality if Russia at war with a fourth party! Britain! • Russia would not support France in a war involving Ger and Aust. • Russia could re create the big Bulgaria sometime. • Austria could keep Bosnia & Herzegovina sometime. • Treaty ran out in 1887

  13. Trouble in the Balkans 1885 - 87 • Revolt in Eastern Rumelia – it joins with Bulgaria • Bulgaria declares independence – and throw out the Russians! • A German prince is elected king. • Russia is furious • France – Boulanger – ally with Russia

  14. Russia refuses to renew Dreikaiserbund Bismarck is terrified – will Russia and France ally?

  15. The secret Reinsurance treaty 1887 • Secret agreements – why? • Russia to have main influence in the Balkans • Germany would be neutral in a war with a third power ( Russia said the same). • BUT clause not active if Ger attacked France OR Russia attacked Austria

  16. So Bismarck had got friendly with Russia again! But the secrecy shows how hard it is becoming!

  17. 1890 A new German kaiser takes over Bismarck is dismissed. Who can handle the diplomacy now?

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