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The OSQAR experiments at CERN and a new axion↔photon converter using quadrupole magnetic field

The OSQAR experiments at CERN and a new axion↔photon converter using quadrupole magnetic field Krzysztof A. Meissner University of Warsaw. The OSQAR experiments at CERN for low energy aser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics (abstract #48, OSQAR Coll.)

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The OSQAR experiments at CERN and a new axion↔photon converter using quadrupole magnetic field

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  1. The OSQAR experiments at CERN and a new axion↔photon converter using quadrupole magnetic field Krzysztof A. Meissner University of Warsaw • The OSQAR experiments at CERN for low energy aser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics (abstract #48, OSQAR Coll.) • Use an LHC quadrupole magnet as axion ↔ photon converter (abstract #71, A. Siemko and K. Zioutas) • CERN, 12.05.2009, New Opportunities... Outline

  2. Optical Search for QED vacuum magnetic birefringence, Axions & photon Regeneration Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics Experiments at CERN To Test QED & Explore the Low Energy Frontier… The Collaboration ►22 Members from 9 Institutes (CZ, F, PL & CERN)‏ Charles University CTU University of Warsaw

  3. Motivations • To measure for the first time the Vacuum Magnetic Birefringence predicted in QED • (Heisenberg & Euler, Weisskopf, 1936) i.e. the vacuum magnetic “anomaly” of the refraction index “ n-1” ~ 10-22 in 9.5 T • The effective lagrangian for photons in QED has nonlinear terms • L=(E2-B2)/2 (ε0=1,μ0=1) • -α (E•∆E - B•∆B)/(30πm2) • +2α2((E2-B2) 2+7(E•B) 2) /(45 m4)+… • The QED light-on-light scattering produces ellipticity in the linearly polarized light travelling in the magnetic field • Ψ = α2 ωlB2sin(2θ) /(15 m4) (~ 10 -11rad for OSQAR)‏ The OSQAR Experiments @ CERN For Low Energy Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics

  4. Motivations • 2. To discover axions‏ • axions solve the strong CP problem (Weinberg, Wilczek, 1978) • they are non-SUSY Cold Dark Matter candidates • (Abbott & Sikivie; Preskill, Wise & Wilczek, 1983) • coupling to photons‏ • L = g a E • B • the coupling induces rotation of polarization and ellipticity for light propagation in the magnetic field (Sikivie 1983,1985,…)‏ • ,,Shining through the wall’’ experiment – • (laser photon → axion) wall (axion → photon) detection • the experiment puts bounds on couplings of paraphotons,milli-charged fermions, chameleons,... The OSQAR Experiments @ CERN For Low Energy Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics

  5. Basic Principles of the Experiments a   9.5 T x x ~ 53 m Use of 2 LHC cryo-dipoles (double apertures) for Phase-1&2 ► In one aperture of dipole-1, measurement of the Vacuum Magnetic Birefringence & Dichroïsm ► In the 2nd aperture of dipole-1 & one aperture of dipole-2, Photon Regeneration Experiment LN2 cooled CCD The OSQAR Experiments @ CERN For Low Energy Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics

  6. PVLAS, PRL 96 (2006)‏ CAST-2003, PRL 94 (2005)‏ Expectation VMB Without Upgrades* Expect. from Regeneration Experiment Experiments-Expected results - Short & “Long” Term Perspectives Axion Search From C. Hagmann, K. van Bibber, L.J. Rosenberg, Physics Lett. B, vol.592, 2004 • Photon regeneration Experiment • Preliminary Phaseto test PVLAS results; 1 dipole with/without gas (done) * * • Phase-1 : 2 dipoles, CW laser beam, • extra & intra cavity to improve BFRT/GammeV results (2009-2010)‏ • Phase-2 : 2 dipoles, CW laser beam & High Finesse FP cavity (2011-2012)‏ • Phase-3 : more than 2 dipoles to reach astrophysical bounds • “n-1 Experiment” i.e.VMB & Linear Dichroism • Phase-1&2 :Measurements of QED prediction in O(2) & O(3) • within 1 dipole (2013 & 2014)‏ Expected 2009 *P. Pugnat, et al. Czech Journal of Physics, Vol.55 (2005), A389; Czech Journal of Physics, Vol.56 (2006), C193; * * 1st results in Phys. Rev. D 78, 092003 (2008) The OSQAR Experiments @ CERN For Low Energy Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics

  7. For the longer term: Toward the “axionic” laser Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 172002 (2007) With 4 + 4 LHC Dipoles, i.e. Experiment of ~150 m long,… The OSQAR Experiments @ CERN For Low Energy Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics

  8. New proposal • Axion detection in the gradient of magnetic field ‏ • For a massless axion → symmetry axion-photon (E. Guendelman 2008,…) • Measurement of the light deflection in the high gradient of the magnetic field • Stern-Gerlach like experiment ‏ • use of LHC quadrupole magnets • Similar experiment for solar keV axions → • novel axion helioscope (,,new CAST’’) The OSQAR Experiments @ CERN For Low Energy Laser-based Particle/Astroparticle Physics

  9. Summary • Effects predicted in early QED 70 years ago are for the first time • within experimental reach • A New Way (based on laser beams)of doing Particle Physics ‏ • particles required by the Standard Model (axions) • are searched by low energy experiments • (complementarity to High Energy experiments) • Spin-offsin the domain of metrology of electric & magnetic fields • breaking world records in measurements of the rotation • of polarization, ellipticity, large optical cavities etc.

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