Technology 13 ways of looking at …

1. Technology13 ways of looking at … Lorcan DempseySolinet Meeting, May 2

2. CBS school, Ennis

3. Libraries – and the network space

4. Libraries

5. A shared network space Shared cataloging – 70s

6. A shared network space Resource sharing – 80s

7. A shared network space Article discovery and delivery – 90s

8. Collaborative reference, Digital content management, Digitisation, Scholarly communication A shared network space

9. Progressive entry into a network space … • Early stages of ‘digital’ libraries • Being digital suggests reorganisation to best leverage individual and collective strengths • Move away from vertical organisation around collection to horizontal organisation around process … • And ….?

10. Generations

11. Social Business/policy Service Technical

12. Co-evolution

13. Active reshaping in a new medium • Scholarly communication: • Moving from author-publisher-distributor-library chain to • … web in which all are potentially in contact with each other. • Co-evolution of new institutional forms with the support the network provides

14. A shared network space

15. A shared space – on campus • The Digital Library, providing access for staff and students, wherever they are located, to networked information resources, which may in turn be disclosed to the outside world. • e-Learning systems, providing the University with the capacity to enable learning and teaching in a flexible, place-independent, online environment, and enhancing the existing campus learning experience. • The public Web site, providing a means of marketing the University and of communicating with students, potential students, alumni and others. • The Corporate Intranet, providing staff with access to information and communication resources, and to means of conducting their business in a secure, online environment. • A Student Intranet, providing students with access to student-centred information, learning resources, course management and communication facilities, as well as the ability to conduct financial and administrative functions online. • And lots of other stuff. Hull

16. A shared space - the creative user • Digital scholarship • Digital research • Digital learning • Cultural heritage

17. Clash of Cultures Source: http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/clash

18. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy Supplementary Material Archives Source: http://msa.lib.ohio-state.edu/jmsa_hp.htm

19. Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD) Motion Capture Lab Source: http://www.accad.ohio-state.edu/mocap/mocap_info.htm

22. Architectures

23. Towards an information environment - services • No single resource is the sole focus of a user’s attention • In a distributed environment resources can be specialized to provide particular function • Leverage communication between resources to add value to user’s experience • Need a shared view and vocabulary

24. provision content shared services brokers and aggregators infrastructure mediation portals creation Directories Registries Terminology S Resolution Authorisation Citation linking presentation Which? Who?

25. Library operations progressively entering network space Generations of change shortening Co-evolution We are not alone with our users in this new shared space We need to begin to architect High acronymic density … Google is for finding out what acronyms stand for! So far .. Now ..

26. Learning management systems

27. Learning management • Fold information into the learning experience • Relationship between library systems and learning systems • Electronic reserve, reading lists, learning objects, … • Own standards framework (IMS, IEEE/LOM, SCORM)

28. AUDIT RESOLVE Creator Infoseeker Agent Learner Resource Utilizers NEGOTIATE TRADE DISCOVER ACCESS USE Presentation MANAGE RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS (Query, Browse, Follow Path) SEARCH GATHER REQUEST Access Management Procurement Mediation PUBLISH ALERT Repositories Provision STORE STORE MANAGE MANAGE EXPOSE EXPOSE CONTROL ACCESS STORE MANAGE EXPOSE DELIVER Metadata Assets MAKE PAYMENT AUTHENTICATE AUTHORISE Directories Registries People Repositories Metadata Vocabulary Organizations Traders Competency

29. Interoperability as recombinant potential

30. Interoperability • Traditional views of interoperability depend on pre-coordinated agreements about every aspect of syntax, structure, and semantics • In the new shared space, this degree of coordination is harder to come by • How do we address this? • Simplify? OAI • Complexify? Objects, services, metadata • Pre-coordination gives way to recombinant systems?

31. OAI Server#1 DC & EAD DC DC/MARC Union Catalog OAI Server#2 DC & MARC MARC HTML DC Web Browser OAI Server#3 DC & VRA OAI OAI Harvester

32. OAI • “low-barrier” sharing of metadata • Many potential uses • E-prints • Learning materials • Cultural heritage • … • Model of the web … simple design supports multiple uses

33. Metadata

34. Data which supports operations on entities • Life cycle • Creation, discovery, assembly, administrative, contextual, preservation, rights, … • Domain • Learning, library, archives, etc • Here come those acronyms (9) • MARC, MODS, ONIX, Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, FGDC, EAD, TEI, METS, … • Interoperability • Registry • RDF (resource description framework)?

35. Information objects

36. From atomic to recombinant • Structure • Document images • SGML/TEI • XML • METS/content packages • Collectible resources?

37. Services

38. Web services • Web services are interfaces that describe operations that are network accessible through XML messaging. (IBM) • Have a web of functional components as we now have web of pages.

39. Subject classification service Name SOAP authority service Citation analysis service OCLC webservicesexamples Institutional Non - institutional Personal e - print e - print e - print archives archives archives OAI - MHP e - Prints UK SOAP Javascript /HTTP Z39.50 RDN RDN RDN RDN RDN RDN gateway/portal gateway/portal gateway/portal gateway/portal gateway/portal gateway/portal service service service service service service

41. YAP

42. ?

44. Some issues – lack of shared architecture • No agreement on functional components. • No shared vocabulary … middleware, portal, personalisation,…. • Individualised solutions. • Accelerated generational turnover (e.g. Z39.50 and OAI). • Disagreement on technical approaches.

45. Some issues • Different requirements • Breadth – demand side economies of scale • Depth – selective disciplinary depth • Projection – surface resources in other environments • New technologies • Web services • Portlets • RSS • Directories/environment intelligence

46. shared services brokers and aggregators infrastructure mediation Directories Registries Terminology S Resolution Authorisation Citation linking provision content Portals/portlets……api/web service presentation

47. Preservation and archiving

48. Quick run • OAIS • Conceptual framework within which to consider archival systems which manage materials over the long term • Many projects implementing OAIS • Emulation/Migration • Levels