Keystone Prep! Day 2!

1. Keystone Prep! Day 2! Welcome everyone! If you have any questions, please type them to us 

3. The BASICS! • Nouns • Pronouns • Verbs • Prepositions • Adjectives • Adverbs • Conjunctions • Interjections

4. Nouns (325) • PERSON, PLACE, THING, or IDEA • Put an appropriate noun in each of the following blanks: • The shoplifter stole a(n) ____________ from the store. • ____________ threw the football to me. • Tiny messages were scrawled on the ____________. • A(n) ____________ crashed through the window. • Give the _______________ to Ellen.

5. PROnouns (326) • A word that stands for a noun. • Avoid the repetition! • The phone rang, and Bill answered the phone. • _____________________________________________. • Lisa met Lisa’s friends in the record store at the mall. Lisa meets Lisa’s friends there every Saturday. • _________________________________________________________________________________________________.

6. VERBS • Action VERBS – tells what is being done in the sentence! • The surgeon ________ through the first layer of skin. • The animals in the cage ________ all day. • Linking VERBS – join a noun to something that is said about it • I _______ anxious to get my test back. • The grocery store ________ open until 11pm.

7. Prepositions (AHHH!!!!) • What Can You Do? • Page 331 (great reference!) • An ant was crawling up the teachers leg. • The man with the black mustache left the restaurant quickly. • The plant on the windowsill was a present from my mother.

8. Adjectives and Adverbs ADV – describes a adjective, verb, or adverb. ADJ – describes a noun or pronoun The canary sang softly. The chef yelled angrily. The sick man spoke very faintly. • The _________ pizza was eaten greedily by the _____________ teenagers. • The restaurant throws away lettuce that is ___________ and tomatoes that are _______________.

9. Vocabulary Words! • Obviously, an important part of testing is understanding what the question is asking you to do! Lets take some time to review some terms you will need to be familiar with for the Keystones!

10. Alliteration • The repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words. • Example: She sat of the soft, silky, silver couch. • Think of tongue twisters!

11. Allusion • An implied or direct reference in literature to a familiar person, place, event, or other piece of literature. • Example: If you were to say, “I have a dream,” in a speech, what would you be alluding to?

12. Antonym • A word that has the opposite meaning of another word. • Example: Hot vs. Cold • Example: Angry vs. Happy

13. Author’s Purpose • The author’s intent either to inform or teach someone about something, to entertain people or to persuade or convince his/her audience to do or not to do something. • Look for the message. If there is a call to action (the writer is urging you to take action) you are probably reading a persuasive piece.

14. Bias • The subtle presence of a positive or negative approach toward a topic. • Example: I hated my British Literature course last year, so I am going to hate my American Literature course this year too.

15. Characterization • The method an author uses to reveal characters and their various traits and personalities • Indirect: Appearance, Dialogue, Internal Thoughts, Actions, and Effects • Direct: The author provides you with the information. No guesswork needed. Example: Maria has dark hair and large almond eyes.

16. Dialect • A variety of language distinct from the standard variety in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. • Example: In Western PA we say, “Pop.” In the South they will use “Coke” or “Soda.”

17. Diction • An author’s choice of words, phrases, sentence structures and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning and tone.

18. Differentiate • Distinguish, tell apart, and recognize differences between two or more items. • Please differentiate between the two short stories, “Call” and “Answer.”

19. Conclusion • We will continue to cover more vocabulary next week. • Any questions??