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Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface

Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface. Presented By Padmashri & Sogra. Visually Coupled System. A “special subsystem” which integrates the natural visual and motor skills of an operator into the system he is controlling. 3 major components - HMD

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Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface

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  1. Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface Presented By Padmashri & Sogra

  2. Visually Coupled System • A “special subsystem” which integrates the natural visual and motor skills of an operator into the system he is controlling. • 3 major components - HMD - Means of tracking the head or eye pointing direction - Source of visual information which is dependent on the head or eye viewing direction

  3. Major components of virtual reality and visually coupled systems

  4. Head/Helmet mounted display • Optical System - Simple Magnifier - Compound Microscope • Display Image Source

  5. Simple Magnifier

  6. Simple Magnifier (contd.) • Single lens system • Simple and inexpensive Field of view (FOV) of this system: FOV=2arctan(S/(2F)) S – Linear size of the display image source F – Focal length of the lens

  7. Characteristics of Simple Magnifier Optical System • Lens focal length • Diameter of the lens • Format size for which the lens is designed • Imaging quality of the lens

  8. Compound Microscope HMD Optical System

  9. Features of compound microscope • The observed image is inverted compared with image on the display(unlike the simple magnifier approach) • The existence of a real intermediate image can be a problem

  10. Characteristics of Compound Microscope • Exit pupil size • Exit pupil location(eye relief) • Input format size • Field of view

  11. Image sources for HMD Image source-Key component technology Two types : • Emissive Display Image Sources -Lasers -Electroluminescent Displays -Field-emission Displays -Miniature CRT

  12. Image sources for HMD (contd.) • Non-emissive Display Image Sources -Subtractive color Liquid Crystal Displays

  13. Helmet/Head Tracking systems Visually coupled systems(VCS) &VRS have their visual interface to the human driven by: • Head orientation and position(HOP)information • Transmitters and receivers • Ultrasonic, magnetic or light energy • Simple sighting reticle • Eye Line-of-sight (LOS) information

  14. Parameters of Helmet P&OT System • Line-of-sight, orientation, position • Head coverage or motion box • Static accuracy • Resolution & Repeatability • Update rate & Refresh rate

  15. Parameters of Helmet P&OT System (contd.) • System Interfaces • Other System issues -Number of transducers that must be installed -Type of transducer alignment

  16. System Integration Parameters used to characterize a VCS: • Ocularity (binocular, biocular, monocular) • Color (monochrome, polychrome) • Type I or II (combiner, no combiner) • Monocular field of view • Angular sub tense of the displayed image as measure from the pupil of one eye • Total field of view • Angular size of the virtual image visible to both the eyes expressed in degrees

  17. System Integration (contd.) • Binocular field of view (if applicable) • Refers to the size of the display field which is visible to both the eyes • Field of regard • It is the angular size of the visual scene that is within the range of viewing angles possible with the particular HMD/Tracker/Sensor system

  18. System Integration (contd.) • Resolution • Method of providing limited amount of information regarding image quality aspects of a display • Focus (image distance) • Luminance • Corresponds to the human visual sensation of brightness measured in foot - lamberts • Combiner ratio • If HMD uses combiner to super-impose HMD image on the real world, the reflection and the transmission co-efficient might be expressed as a ratio

  19. Display Image Source/electronic interface Two major interface issues that affect the performance of the head mounted image sources are: • Remoteness of the image from its drive electronics • Display Artifacts

  20. Applications of VCS &VCS Components • Military systems and applications • Civilians systems and applications • http://www.sid.org/sid95/applicat.htm

  21. References Performance and head movements using a helmet-mounted display sized fields-of-view – Maxwell J. Wells, Michael Venturino. Overlap Binocular Field-of-View flight Experiment – T. H. Bui, R. H. Vollmerhausen and B. H. Tsou. Head Mounted Displays – James E. Melzer & Kirk Moffitt.

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