Conclusions

1. International Workshop on Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: Current Challenges and Bioinformatics Support Conclusions • PGx is a scientific discipline that offers interesting opportunities for improving health care and for carrying out exciting research. • PGx approaches can save money: • to the healthcare system • during the drug discovery and development processes (from target identification to patient recruitment in the clinical trials) • Cost-effectiveness studies on the introduction of PGx strategies should be carried out. • Inter-disciplinary approaches are required for PGx research including genetics, systems biology, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, as well as clinical and computational sciences, among other disciplines. • Dialogue between pharmacogenomics and chemogenomics should increase. • Bioinformatics tools plays a key role in PGx research. It can benefit from integrated knowledge management and exploitation (“biomedical informatics” strategies). • Increased collaboration between all the stakeholders is advisable: • Regulatory authorities, industry and academia • Basic and clinical researchers • Experimental and computational scientists • At the local and international level • More educational activities on PGx are required. PGx training should be part of the MD, pharmacy and biology curricula.