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Tenerife Disaster

Tenerife Disaster. 1977: Pan-Am Boeing 747 and KLM Boeing 747 collide on the runway at Tenerife airport. Also known as TENERIFE DISASTER (worst accident in history). 583 peoples killed. The cause of accidents are Loss of situational Awareness by KLM captain. He became confusion.

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Tenerife Disaster

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  1. Tenerife Disaster • 1977: Pan-Am Boeing 747 and KLM Boeing 747collide on the runway at Tenerife airport. • Also known as TENERIFE DISASTER (worst accident in history). 583 peoples killed. • The cause of accidents are • Loss of situational Awareness by KLM captain. He became confusion. • Poor communications: heavy accents and improper terminology among KLM pilot, Pan Am pilot and a Spanish ATC. • Poor Decision Making, KLM still want to take-off during heavy fog. • Stress: KLM’s captain became stress because waiting too long at the TENERIFE airport

  2. Saudia Vs Kazakhtan Mid-Air Collision • 1996, a Saudi Arabian airliner and a Kazakhstan plane collided in mid-air near New Delhi, India. • This accident is the example of poor communication due to language barriers problem. • The Kazakhstan pilot not sufficiently fluent in English and unable to understand an Indian controller giving instructions in English. • 349 peoples onboard both aircraft died.

  3. DC-8, Portland 1978: UAL 173 DC-8 crashed during approach near Portland • This accident is the example of • Loss of Situational Awareness: Captain too fixation on landing gear problem. • Poor Communications: His crews (F/O & F/E) informed about low fuel condition. Captain ignored them or misunderstoodthem & continue to solve landing gear problem. • The DC-8 ran out of fuel and finally crashed. 189 Peoples, 10 killed, 23 seriously injured

  4. Air Florida Flight 90, Washington, DC. • 1982 crash of Air Florida Flight 90 (B737) into the Potomac River in Washington, DC. • Aircraft not performing the plane's de-icing system. Captain should cancel the takeoff but he didn’t do that. Aircraft crashed into the river and 78 people killed. • This accident is example of Lack of Assertiveness: • Co-pilot lack of sufficiently Assertiveness to warn the captain about an unsafe takeoff condition. • This also example of Poor Communications. • Captain did not get the message given by Co-pilot. Problems came both from Sender & Listener

  5. Saudia Flight 163, Riyadh to Jeddah • 1980, Saudia Flight 163, Riyadh to Jeddah. Aircraft cached by a fire; the evacuation of the plane is delayed and all 301 on board die. • Example of Poor CRM and Poor Decision Making practiced by the flight crews. • Even the crews noticed earlier about the fire shortly after take-off they did not fully utilized the Available Resources. • All crews not plan for the good decision making such as emergency landing and emergency evacuation.

  6. Heavy Fog • 2001, Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) collides with Cessna aircraft in heavy fog at Milan, Italy airport. • This accident is the example of dangers of take-off during the heavy fog. • Because of very poor visibility SAS MD-87 hit the Cessna, then loss of control and hit 2 airport buildings before crashing into a baggage handling hangar and bursting into flames. • All 118 passengers and crews were killed, as well as the four people in the Cessna and four airport workers. • This was the Italy's worst air disasters.

  7. Fly over ThunderstormStress & Fatigue • American Airlines Flight 1420 (MD-82) overran the end of the runway, and impacted approach light structures after landing at Little Rock Airport, Arkansas. • Thunderstorms and heavy rain were reported in the area at the time of the accident. • Flight crew became overloaded with many important tasks, that lead them being stress & fatigue. • 11 people killed including captain, and numerous injuries among the 145 passengers and crews.

  8. Good Teamwork, communication & decision making • 1989 Flight 232, A United Air Lines DC-10 crashed at Sioux City, Iowa after an engine explosion. • Although the aircraft crashed, the crew managed to land on a runway saving 187 from 298 peoples. • This accident is the example of • Good teamwork practicing by all air crew in handling the difficult situations. • Good communication among pilot, ATC & Ground crews to bring the aircraft landing and performing emergency evacuations. • Good decision making done by pilot to solve the problems.

  9. Thunderstorms Thunderstorms is a violent storm of thunder and lightning. Thunderstorms are usually accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain and sometimes snow & hail.

  10. The dangers of flying in or close to a thunderstorm are: Lightning – can cause an aircraft loss of radio communications & can damage the aircraft structure. Hail – can cause the serious damage on aircraft. Strong wind – can cause the aircraft crash during take-off or landing. Rain - Reduce the visibility and produce the visual illusion. Turbulence –can cause an aircraft loss of control

  11. How to avoid thunderstorm? Don't fly under a thunderstorm even if you can see through to the other side. Turbulence under the storm could be disastrous. Don't land or take off in the face of an approaching thunderstorm. A sudden wind shift or low level turbulence could cause loss of control. Avoid by at least 20 miles any thunderstorm identified as dangerous

  12. Airmanship • Airmanship: Skill and knowledge of the work of navigating and operating an aircraft. • Airmanship criteria are: • Very familiar with the principles of flight, • The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air. • Good judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency. • Airmanship covers operation of the aircraft and all its systems.

  13. Good Airmanship • Maintain a high level of Situational Awareness • Situational Awareness refers to the accurate perception of all FACTORS (human, environment & technical) that affect the aircraft & the crew at all times. • Key components of SA are • Understanding the changing environment • Able to predict how things may change • Able to compare the expected with the actual

  14. Good Airmanship • Know how to manage risk and how to make good decisions. • This is where decision making skills take center stage. Effective decision making refers to the ability to use logical and sound judgment to make decisions based on available information • There are several factors that promote good decision making. Some key factors are extra time, alertness, experience and teamwork.

  15. Good Airmanship • Aircrew understand the limit of his capabilities • Aircrew should act according his "personal minimums checklist” in order to ensure the safety of flight. • Use I’M SAFE checklist before decide either to continue operating the aircraft or just rest. • In addition, Aircrew should also check condition of aircraft and all its system & about the environments (airport conditions & weather)

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