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UML

UML. Grafical method to develop models Industry standard Different diagrams for different aspects Static diagrams: Classes Use case Deployment Dynamic diagrams Sequence State machine Running example: Observer Pattern (A = abstract, C = concrete). Class diagrams. Association.

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UML

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  1. UML • Grafical method to develop models • Industry standard • Different diagrams for different aspects • Static diagrams: • Classes • Use case • Deployment • Dynamic diagrams • Sequence • State machine • Running example: Observer Pattern (A = abstract, C = concrete)

  2. Class diagrams Association A class is represented by a box AObserver ASubject Class name 1 * observers: collection(AObserver) Attributes observers attach(AObserver) Methods detach(Aobserver) notify() $update() forall obs in observers obs.update()

  3. ASubject AObserver observers attach(AObserver) detach(Aobserver) notify() $update() Inheritance versus 1 * CSubject CObserver subject state: State state:State Mutual dependency! getState(): State setState(State) update()

  4. Composition Static ownership relation Owner creates object(s) at its own creation Object(s) disappears when owner disappears Aggregation Dynamic ownership relation Owner creates/destroys object(s) at any time CSubject Association Reference to an object owned by yet another object State getState(): State setState(State) Dependency component depends on component to which arrow points

  5. Stereotype <<interface>> Player methods Package Interface inheritance (realization) RealPlayer methods Do not include too many classes in one diagram (readability) – tools support that the same classes appear in different diagrams

  6. Sequence diagrams • Model dynamic behavior • Used to describe some sequence of method calls for important sequences (typical or complicated) • More general dynamic behavior is captured by state diagrams • Control of a single thread jumps from object to object when calls/returns are made

  7. (Outside) Actor :CObserver :CSubject attach(this) setState(state) update() notify() getState() state Notice that contol “jumps”: actor can be considered as a separate thread

  8. Object creation Call: object becomes active Return: object becomes inactive destroy()

  9. System name UC1 generalization UC1’ actor UC2 Extend/include UC3 Use Case

  10. State machines • General dynamic behavior of classes • In contrast to use cases that are for a typical scenario only, state machines describe behavior for all uses • State machines can send messages to other state machines and cause a transition there • With a state transition, there can be a trigger and an action • If there is no trigger, the transition is always made

  11. CObserver states …/subject.detach(this) /subject.attach(this) (Initial transition) detached attached free update()/ attach(this)/ updating waiting /state=subject.getState() updated usually some operations on state

  12. setState(state) CSubject states updated consistent /notify();n=0 n=|observers|/ /observers =Ø notifying attach(obs)/observers +=obs waiting getState()/n+=1 |observers| !=0/observers(n).update() updateObserver detach(obs)/observers -=obs

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