History of the Microprocessor

1. History of the Microprocessor Stephanie Usseglio Justin Gawrych TJ Phelan November 28, 2006

2. History of the Microprocessor In the year 1969 the microprocessor was called the “Micro computer chip” and this was named by Busicom. The term microprocessor was developed until 1972.

3. Microprocessor defined in Webster Integrated circuit that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on a single chip. Another Source Microprocessor is a device that integrates the functions of the CPU in a computer onto the LC or semiconductor chip.

4. Essentials Microprocessors contain core essentials of a computer system. • Memory unit • ALU • Control unit • Interrupt / Exception controller • Internal cache

5. Essentials • The memory unit and interforce enables the microprocessor to sustain a two-way communication with semiconductor, and chips that stores the program and data. • This supports memory, writes and reads blocks of wards. • The internal cache is a memory chip- stores and holds recently used information and data. • Which will be used in the future. • The interrupt and exception controller enables the microprocessor. • Takes action to the external environment. • The control unit operates the outer units and fetches instructions from a chip cache and execute them.

6. History of the Microprocessor The integrated circuit also known as the (IC) was invented in 1958 by a man known as Jack S. Kilby. Kilby worked for Texas instruments . While Kilby was working for TI he was designing micro modules for the military, these micro modules connected germanium wafers to discreet components collectively by stacking the wafers one on top of another. While Kilby was working on the modules he thought this procedure was ridiculous and unnecessarily complicated and thought the germanium was engineered properly and it could act as components to stimuli . This is when the first IC was born.

7. History of the Microprocessor Intel In the year 1969, 4004 instruction set had been defined as a computer terminal corporation, also known as the (CTC). This processor asked Intel to develop an LSI chip for the new and intelligent terminals that were being developed. Hoff and a man by the name of Stan Mazor put the whole processor on one chip. The MCS-4 was made in April of 1972. This CPU chip launched and became the furthermost success yet.

8. History of the Microprocessor Intel Intel 8080 was developed in April of 1972. It was not available to customers at this time because of the design chip into the products and wasn’t ready. The 8080 processor had over 4,500 transtors and this number was doubled in the 4004 which was addressed to 64 Kbytes (memory). The speed was down because of the use of electron doped technology in assessment to hole doped MOS transistors. In 1978 Intel produced the first ever 16 bit processor the “8086” it was well-matched with the 8080, the 8086 was the most effective processor thus far.

9. History of the Microprocessor Competitors and the early years Even though Intel invented the microprocessor and had the company grow from a 3 employee workshop to a 20,000 Employee Company didn’t mean they were the only ones developing the microprocessor. In July of 1974- 19 Microprocessors were available, over the next few years the number increased rapidly. In 1976 it became 54. The second processor was available late in the year of 1972 developed by Rockwell. In 1974 Texas Instrument came out with the TMS1000 which was the first microprocessor to contain its very own RAM and ROM on chip.

10. History of the Microprocessor Competitors and the early years The success of the Intel 808 Zilog and Motorola, made the two produce competing chips. Motorola produced the 6800 which was very group orientated hardware and as popular as the chip had seemed to be it, it fell through underdeveloped which was designed by a group of engineers that had left Intel previously. These two men were Fredrico Faggin and Masatoshi Shima who had previously designed the 8080 and 4004 for Intel. After Motorola introduced the first 16 bit processor they came out with a 68000 chip that addressed 16 megabytes and was competent to act like a 32 bit processor. They were and are found in Amga and, Macintosh computers.

11. History of the Microprocessor Competitors and the early years Intel’s very first microprocessor contained so much processing power that it was considered the “most powerful” computer in the world at the time. This computer microprocessor was the “ENIAC” and it filled an entire room. Intel released the i386 processor in the 1990s. This microprocessor was the first commercially available 32-bit processor. The i386 was made to multitask by running more then one program at a time mainly on a desktop computer. The Intel Pentium processor was released in 1993 making it the first available microprocessor capable of executing two instructions for every clock cycle. Intel’s serious competitor today is the AMD (Advanced Micro Devices).

12. History of the Microprocessor The microprocessor came about when the size of the central processing unit reduced from 32 bits to 4, making it sufficient for it to fit into the IC. When more then one microprocessor serves as a processing unit, it is then called a CPU, which is frequent in a handheld device or computer. The evolution of the microprocessor has been said to have followed Moore’s Law, increasing performances every year. This has been proven since the 1970s. Power is continuously increased, which has led to the ascendancy of microprocessors, over every computer. Mainly everything in day’s world uses a Microprocessor.

13. History of the Microprocessor 16 bit design The very first multi-chip was a 16 bit microprocessor was TI’s TMS 9900 and was similar in temperament with TIs TI990 minicomputers. This chip was packaged in ceramic 64 pin DIP packages, and was designed to battle with the Intel 8080. The WDC (Western Design Center, Inc introduced the CMOS 65816 16 bit which was an upgrade of the WDC CMOS 65C02. This was developed in 1984 and was the core of the Apple IIgs, and later on Super Nintendo System. This made it a very admired design. The very first single chip was a 32 bit processor that was the AT&T Bell Labs BELLMAC 32A, this came about in 1980 and was produced in 1982. The most famous 32 bit design is the MC6800 made in 1979. The 68K had 32 bit registers and only used 16 bit internal paths and 16 external for pin count. It was very high speed and large.

14. History of the Microprocessor RISC In the 1980s and 1990s RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) made its appearance. It was made for Unix workstations and purpose machines, but today are widespread in all roles set aside desktop computers. RISC today designs are based on MIPS, PowerPC and ARM for majority of computing devices

15. History of the Microprocessor Facts • 44 Billion dollars worth of Microprocessors were made in 2003 as well as sold. Most was spent on laptop and or desktop computers it takes about 0.2 % of the CPU’s sold. • Almost 56% of CPUs sold are 8 bit microcontrollers. • Less the 10 % of CPUs sold are 32 bit or more. Most are sold in house hold appliances such as vacuums, TVs, Microwaves, toasters and so forth.

16. History of the Microprocessor The End!