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Diabetes Prevalence and Economic Impact in the Arab World: Jordan Case Study

This study explores the prevalence of diabetes in the Arab world, with a focus on Jordan, and its economic implications. It includes epidemiological data, distribution of study populations based on blood glucose, cholesterol levels, triglycerides levels, and body mass index. Additionally, it assesses the affordability of diabetes therapies in Jordan and compares costs with income levels in the region. The impact of medicine prices on healthcare costs is analyzed, highlighting the challenges of affordability for chronic conditions like diabetes.

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Diabetes Prevalence and Economic Impact in the Arab World: Jordan Case Study

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  1. Prevalence of Diabetes and The Economic Impact in The Arab World: The Case of Jordan

  2. Diabetes in Arab World

  3. Diabetes in Arab World

  4. Diabetes in Arab World

  5. Diabetes in Arab World

  6. Arab Americans *P. <0.05 **P.<0.01

  7. Epidemiological studies of diabetes in Saudi Arabia, 1982-2004. FBG: fasting blood glucose, OGTT: oral glucose tolerance RBG: random test, blood glucose. (M): male, (F): female.

  8. prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high cholesterol among nationals in United Arab Emirates(N=8676) Variablesn(%) DM Normal 3489(40.2) Impaired Fasting (100-125) 3168(36.5) Frank DM(126+mg) 2017(23.3) Hypertension(140/90) Negative 6519(75.1) Positive 2157(24.9) Cholesterol Level Normal 7063(81.4) High (>240 mg) 1613(18.6) Body Mass Index < 24.99 2094(24.2) 25.00-29.99 3338(38.6) >30.00 3223(37.2)

  9. 30.5

  10. جدول( رقم3- 1)توزيع مجتمع الدراسة حسب مستوى السكر بالدم ( FBS) ( اعتمادا على الفحوصات المخبرية للسكري في الدم) / الأردن 2007Table (3.1)Distribution of Study Population According to Fasting Blood Glucose Level (Based on Fasting Blood Glucose Readings), Jordan 2007

  11. جدول رقم 3-3 توزيع مجتمع الدراسه حسب مستوى السكر بالدم والفئات العمريه / الاردن 2007Table (3.3) Distribution of the Study Population According to Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Age group (Based on Fasting Blood Glucose Readings), Jordan 2007

  12. جدول رقم 5-1 توزيع مجتمع الدراسة حسب معدل الكولسترول المرتفع الكثافة ( اعتمادا على الفحوصات المخبرية للكوليسترول الكلي) ، الأردن 2004 Table(5.1 )Distribution of Study Population According to CholesterolDL-C Level(Based on Actual HDL-C Readings), Jordan 2004

  13. جدول رقم 5-1 توزيع مجتمع الدراسة حسب معدل الكولسترول المنخفض الكثافة في الدم (اعتمادا على الفحوصات المخبرية للكوليسترول المنخفض الكثافة) ، الأردن 2007 Table ( 5.1 )Distribution of Studu Population According to Cholesterol LDL-C ( (Based on Actual LDL-C Readings), Jordan 2007

  14. جدول رقم 6-1 توزيع مجتمع الدراسة حسب مستوى الشحوم الثلاثية في الدم (اعتمادا على نتائج الفحوصات المخبرية للشحوم الثلاثية في الدم) ، الأردن 4 200 Table (6.1) Distribution of study Population According to Triglycerides Level (Based on Actual Blood Triglycerides Readings), Jordan 2007

  15. جدول رقم 7-2توزيع مجتمع الدراسة حسب حسب معايير منظمة الصحة العالمية لمؤشر كتلة الجسم Table (7.2)Classification of study Population According to WHO Criteria Body Mass Index (BMI

  16. GDP per capita (JD) 1,515.6Mean Family income = 5000 Jordan economics

  17. Affordability The best way of illustrating the impact of medicine prices on the cost of health care for individual and society is to compare the cost of treatment with people's actual incomes.

  18. Affordability For the WHO/HAI survey, the daily wage of the lowest paid unskilled government worker in each country is used for comparison, and affordability is expressed as the number of days The lowest paid unskilled government worker would have to work in order to afford the cost of 30 days of treatment for the chronic condition being analysed.

  19. Figure 3: Affordability of diabetes therapy with glibenclamide and metformin for 30 days (glibenclamide, 5 mg tablet twice a day + metformin 500 mg tablet three times a day expressed in days' wages of the lowest paid unskilled government worker to pay for treatment)

  20. Figure1: Median price ratios (MPRs) of metformin 500 mg tablets

  21. Figure 2: Median price ratios (MPRs), glibenclamide 5 mg tablets

  22. Figure 4: Affordability of combination therapy with atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide – 30 days supply expressed in days’ wages of the lowest paid unskilled government worker, private sector retail pharmacies

  23. Figure 1. Proportions of Total Expenditures on Prescription Drugs (Panel A) and of Total Prescriptions Dispensed (Panel B) Accounted for by Brand-Name Drugs and by Generic Drugs. Richard G et al, N Engl J Med 357;20 November 15, 2007

  24. Figure 2. Change in the Average Relative Price of a Drug as the Number of Generic Versions Increases Richard G et al, N Engl J Med 357;20 November 15, 2007

  25. Figure 2. Affordability of Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease in Six Low- or Middle- Income Countries. Robert Steinbrook, N Engl J Med 357;20 November 15, 2007

  26. The Price of most commonly used Agents for Diabetes at NCD-Jordan Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Case#1 Case#2 *Glitazone either Pioglitazone 30mg or Rosiglitazone 8mg.

  27. Case # 3 Case # 4

  28. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents With Long acting insulin analogues *This preparation not available in the local company

  29. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents With Premixed insulin 30/70 *This preparation not available in the local company

  30. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents With Premixed insulin analogues30/70 *This preparation not available in the local company

  31. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents With Long acting insulin analogues and Short acting insulin analogues *These preparations not available in the local company

  32. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ACE-Inhibitors * Average price of Enalapril20, Ramipril5mg, Perindopril4mg, and Fosinopril10mg.

  33. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs * Average price of Valsartan160, Telmisartan80, and Candesartan16mg.

  34. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs and lipid Reducing Agents *Average price of Atrovastatin20mg, Simvastatin20mg, Rosuvastatin-10mg Pravastatin-40mg, and Fluvastatin80mg. ** Average price of Valsartan160, Telmisartan80, and Candesartan16mg.

  35. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs and lipid Reducing Agents *Average price of Atrovastatin20mg, Simvastatin20mg, Rosuvastatin-10mg Pravastatin-40mg, and Fluvastatin80mg. ** Average price of Valsartan160, Telmisartan80, and Candesartan16mg.

  36. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs, Beta blocker and lipid Reducing Agents *Average price of Atrovastatin20mg, Simvastatin20mg, Rosuvastatin-10mg Pravastatin-40mg, and Fluvastatin80mg. **Average price of Valsartan160, Telmisartan80, and Candesartan16mg. ***Average price of Atenelol100mg, Bisoprolo10mg, Metoprolol100mg.

  37. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs, Beta blocker ,Calcium -channel blocker and lipid Reducing Agents *Average price of Atrovastatin20mg, Simvastatin20mg, Rosuvastatin-10mg Pravastatin-40mg, and Fluvastatin80mg. **Average price of Valsartan160, Telmisartan80, and Candesartan16mg. ***Average price of Atenelol100mg, Bisoprolo10mg, Metoprolol100mg. **** Average price of Amilodipine10mg, Felodipine10mg.

  38. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs, Beta blocker ,Calcium - channel blocker and lipid Reducing Agents (Cholesterol& Triglyceride Reducers) *This preparation not available in the local company

  39. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents With Premixed insulin 30/70 And ARBs, Beta blocker ,Calcium-channel blocker , lipid Reducing Agents (Cholesterol& Triglyceride Reducers) *These preparations not available in the local company

  40. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with ARBs, Beta blocker ,Calcium -channel blocker and lipid Reducing Agents (Cholesterol &Triglyceride Reducers) *This preparation not available in the local company

  41. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents AndPremixed insulin analogues30/70 with ARBs, Beta blocker ,Calcium-channel blocker , lipid Reducing Agents (Cholesterol & Triglyceride Reducers) *These preparations not available in the local company

  42. Cost of Insulin Pump Medtronic MiniMed 712 3000JD Medtronic MiniMed 722 (with glucose monitor) 3800JD Remote control 120 JD Monthly Cost: Insulin infusion set 90JD Reservoir 3ml 30JD Glucose sensor (optional) 150JD

  43. Extra cost for diabetes complications at The Cardio-vascular , CNS, Genito Urinary system And Eye *These preparations not available in the local company **average price of Alfuzocin 10mg,Tamsulosin 0.4mg and doxazosin4mg.

  44. Cost of Cardiac Procedures

  45. Cost of Ophthalmic Proceduresin JD

  46. Estimated annual cost of haemodialysis in Jordan, 2003(#1711)

  47. Prevalence of major Diabetes complications • Dyslipidemia = 78% • Hypertension = 73% • Retinopathy = 34.1% • Erectile dysfunction = 62%

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