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Scanning Probe Microscope Software: Instrument Control and Data Analysis

This article provides an overview of scanning probe microscopes (SPM) and discusses the software specifications, instrument control, and data analysis for SPMs. It also presents the software architecture and concludes with a summary.

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Scanning Probe Microscope Software: Instrument Control and Data Analysis

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  1. NOBUGS conference11-05-2002 Camera “Scanning Probe Microscope” software for instrument control and data analysis. E.H. v. Tol – Homan, G. v. Velzen, R. v. Gastel, M. Seynen* University Leiden, The Netherlands *Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF-FOM), Amsterdam http://www.physics.leidenuniv.nl/sections/cm/ip/ 11-05-2002

  2. Overview Overview • Introduction to Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) • SPM – software specifications (video rate) • Instrument control • Data analysis • SPM – software architecture • Conclusion

  3. Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) • Scanning Probe Microscopes: • Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) • Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) • …

  4. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope works like a record player… Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) • Scanning Probe Microscopes: • Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) • Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) • …

  5. Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) X,Y Scan circuit Piezo Z Feedback Electronics PC It tip U sample specimen

  6. Now: Perspective color view of Graphite surface Line scan image of graphite surface. Each bump corresponds to a single carbon atom. The size of the image is only 3 nm  3 nm. Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) 15 years Ago: “Photo Camera”

  7. Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) New “Video camera” • High speed scanning probe microscope: • 25 pictures (256 x 256) per second • Maximum scan speed: 3,3*106 pixels/sec

  8. Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) Au (110) Usample =-0.7V ~ 22000 pixels/sec 300 nm x 300 nm

  9. Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) Au (110) Usample =-0.7V ~ 134000 pixels/sec 300 nm x 300 nm

  10. SPM – software specifications Computer specification for a high speed SPM: • Dual processor: first processor: data display / analysis / scaling second processor: instrument control • Dual monitor: first monitor data display second monitor instrument control - window

  11. SPM – software specifications General specifications for a high speed SPM: Two “user modes of operation”: online and offline mode. GUI Online Mode -measurement -analysis Offline Mode -Post measurement analysis

  12. STM- DLL AFM- DLL … SPM – software specifications General specifications: The program uses a DLL to configure and drive the hardware of the SPM. (Different DLL’s for each SPM) GUI Online Mode OfflineMode

  13. SPM – software specifications Boundary requirements: • Very stable and reliable • Fast data handling and graphics • Extendable, Users can add own filters • Windows look and feel • RECOVERY PROCEDURE !

  14. SPM – software specifications Why winNT (decided three years ago) ? • Multi tasking operating system • Drivers for microEnable / hotlink only available under winNT. • Commonly know environment • Offline mode can run under windows 98,2002, XP RT/Time-sharing • Real-time part: dedicated hardware • Time sharing – part: winNT (GUI).

  15. SPM – software specifications A collection of C++ classes and an application framework for creating Microsoft windows-based applications. Document / View structure

  16. SPM – software specifications Document / View structure: SPM – DATA

  17. Instrument control GUI Online Mode -measurement -analysis Offline Mode -Post measurement analysis

  18. Instrument control SPM DLL MAIN Data display Instrument control

  19. Instrument control Measurement mode: Approach (bringing the tip to the surface) Setting scanning parameters Scan (with video rate) Save During measurement analysis and display through main program.

  20. Data analysis GUI Online Mode -measurement -analysis Offline Mode -Post measurement analysis

  21. Data analysis

  22. Data analysis Height line:

  23. Data analysis 3D:

  24. USER DEFINED DLL MAIN FILTER DLL Data analysis Filter functions: • Clipping: image size adjust • Filters: • Differentiate, • Background subtraction • …

  25. Data analysis Original data:

  26. Data analysis Background subtraction:

  27. Data analysis Differentiate (line by line) data:

  28. STM- DLL AFM- DLL SPM – software architecture Architecture GUI Online Module Offline Module

  29. SPM – software architecture The interface (for Instrument Control) DLL: • MFC DLL, dynamically linked to the MFC-libraries. • Init Instance / Exit instance are called when the DLL is loaded / freed from memory.

  30. SendSPMCommand This function is defined in the DLL, and called by the MAIN. SendNotify This function is defined in the MAIN, and called by the DLL. SPM – software internally DLL MAIN

  31. This function is defined in the DLL, and called by the MAIN. SPM – software internally DLL MAIN SendSPMCommand CommandWindowCreate / Close Set / GetDeviceConfig GetDeviceStatus / GetLastError …

  32. SendNotify This function is defined in the MAIN, and called by the DLL. SPM – software internally StartScanMeasurement UpdateFrameData StopScanMeasurement … MAIN DLL

  33. GUI DISPLAY MEASUREMENT Thread Safe SPM – software internally Threads overview

  34. Message Loop Hardware Disk SPM – software internally DLL

  35. Message Loop Process Filters SPM – software internally MAIN

  36. NO BUGS Conclusion A graphical user interface for a high speed SPM (with video rate) has been developed using MFC and winNT.

  37. Interface physics group The Team: Prof. Dr. J.W.M. Frenken (Group leader) Dr. ir. T.H. Oosterkamp (Group leader) Dr. M.J. Rost (Post-Doc) Ir. K. Schoots (Ph.D. Student) R. v. Gastel (Ph.D. Student) Ing. B. Crama (Electronics) *B. Okhuysen (Group leader) Ing. P. Schakel (Electronics) *Ing. M. Seynen (Software) Ing. E.H. v. Tol-Homan (Software) *Ing. H. Dekker (Electronics) Ing. G. v. Velzen (Software) *Ing. A. Vijftigschild (Electronics) *AMOLF/FOM Email: vantol@fwneld.leidenuniv.nl Web page: http://www.physics.leidenuniv.nl/sections/cm/ip/

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