Context and Background

1. Ten-year Impact Study on Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women Peace and Security in Peacekeeping

2. Conduct of peacekeeping has changed as a result of resolution 1325 The operational landscape has evolved in last 10 years: many more actors on the ground New mandates that present new opportunities for enhancing implementation of resolution 1325 Study commissioned to mark 10th anniversary of resolution 1325 First global review of impact of peacekeeping missions in advancing women’s rights and gender equality in line with resolution 1325 Context and Background

3. 12 peacekeeping and Special Political missions in 11 countries participated in the Study A total of seven thematic issues relevant to resolution 1325 were reviewed: Women’s participation in peace negotiations, political participation, DDR, SSR, Legal and judicial reform, sexual and gender-based violence, protection of IDP and refugee women) Each mission reviewed five themes Cross-cutting issues were also reviewed, including: Representation of women in peacekeeping, accountability of senior managers and role of gender advisers Standard Interview Guide was developed and facilitated consultations with national partners in government and civil society, and also UN staff Focus on peacekeeping activities whilst acknowledging role of other partners Recognition of long-term impact as work in progress Study Methodology

4. Participation in Peace Negotiations Good Offices of SRSG Afghanistan, DRC, Darfur: facilitated women’s involvement in peace consultations Outreach to women not sufficiently inclusive Absence of a coherent overall strategy to mobilize women’s participation Progress due to pressure from below, not deliberate push from above

5. Constitutional reform: quota guarantees Afghanistan (25%), Burundi (30%) Electoral Laws: gender-sensitive provisions DRC; Timor-Leste (25% quota in Electoral Law) Voting Process High rates of registration of women; high voter turn-out among women; specific outreach to women provision of electoral security for women voters Training support to women candidates Coaching of women candidates in Haiti ; training political candidates in Burundi, Liberia, DRC Capacity-building support to women elected officials is an outstanding challenge Participation in Political/Electoral Processes

6. Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) • Eligibility criteria has generally tended to exclude women – Liberia as exception • Inconsistent application of gender and DDR standards • Improved security for women in and around cantonment sites • Access to reintegration support: DRC, Burundi, Liberia • Women not fairly considered in all phases of DDR process • Lukewarm commitment of senior DDR staff to strengthen gender-sensitive approaches • Women still not fairly considered in all phases of DDR process

7. Increased representation of women in national security institutions: between 12%-20% in police service in Timor-Leste, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Kosovo – higher than global average Adoption of gender policies for some security sector institutions: Police in Liberia, Sierra Leone Important role modeling effect due to deployment of female peacekeepers – example of Timor and Liberia Support for reform of security sector has not sufficiently addressed reform of institutional barriers to women’s participation in this sector Widespread discrimination persists against women in national security sector institutions Sexual harassment and lack of challenging professional opportunities commonplace Security Sector Reform

8. Ratification of CEDAW in some countries with support of peacekeeping mission - Timor and Afghanistan Representation o f women in legal and judicial sector has increased in some cases – Timor and Sierra Leone, though in overall terms women remain underrepresented Support for adoption of laws to protect women’s rights in some cases, though implementation of laws remain a challenge Challenge of customary vs formal law in many cases – Afghanistan, Sudan, Timor Conditions of women in corrections institutions generally poor Legal and Judicial Reform

9. Sexual and Gender-based Violence Progress Support for adoption of laws related to sexual and gender-based violence DRC, Liberia, Afghanistan, Timor-Leste Support for National Strategies to combat SGBV Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC Support for establishment of special police units to deal with SGBV VPU (Timor-Leste), FSU (Sierra Leone), WCPS (Liberia), Special Protection Cells /DIS (Chad), Haiti Deployment of Mixed Teams and Joint Protection Teams DRC, Darfur Challenges • Sexual violence remains high in DRC, Liberia, Burundi, Darfur • Enhancing peacekeeping strategies, whilst communicating limits of peacekeeping • Lack of accurate data

10. Protection of Women IDPs and Refugees • Enhanced protection due to presence of peacekeepers: Joint Protection Teams in DRC, Detachement Integre de Securite in Chad • Presence of female humanitarian workers welcomed by women IDPs • Coverage, consistency and effectiveness remains limited • Limited empowerment of women IDPs • Limited efforts to facilitate women’s participation in camp governance committees

12. Key Messages from Impact Review • Huge potential of peacekeeping missions to influence agenda of women’s rights and participation in peace processes • The potential to engage local women in peace processes has not been sufficiently tapped by peacekeepers. • Increasing women’s representation in post-conflict institutions (political or security) is not enough. Capacity-building for women to enable them serve optimally and removal of institutional barriers that impede women’s success is equally key • Partnership with local women in post-conflict countries must expand beyond urban elites and engage women from diverse sectors of society who have been impacted by the conflict

13. Senior managers must lead by example in demonstrating commitment to advancing women’s rights in post-conflict countries. Policies, guidelines and training tools are all important tools to support gender mainstreaming and to enhance accountability Peacekeeping missions are only one among key players who can support implementation of resolution 1325 at the country level. Partnership is key to ensure sustainability Presence of women peacekeepers matters greatly; male champions of gender equality are equally effective Key Messages cont.

14. Key Issues and Opportunities Keeping women’s participation high on the agenda; situating protection in wider context Clarifying niche and comparative advantage of peacekeeping missions within context of increasing number of actors: UN Women as opportunity Opportunity to enhance accountability through use of monitoring indicators Expanding the availability of gender specialists within different peacekeeping components – SSR, DDR Strengthening partnership strategy with Member States Looking Ahead: The Next Decade

15. Build on comparative advantage of peacekeeping missions: Strengthen gender technical expertise in peacekeeping missions to facilitate gender mainstreaming Facilitate and support leadership role of local women in efforts to re-establish security and stability in post-conflict transitions Broaden and deepen support to women in post-conflict countries: Emphasize capacity-building support to women in post-conflict institutions Engage partnership with women at all levels: national and local Expand regional partnerships to advance implementation of resolution 1325 Forward-Looking Strategy

16. QUESTIONS?