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Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.1.11 Title: DNA Structure & Function

Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.1.11 Title: DNA Structure & Function. Homework: Actively read pages 291-296 (part of 12.1 and 12.2). Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we have discussed, including: Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading

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Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.1.11 Title: DNA Structure & Function

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  1. Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.1.11Title: DNA Structure & Function • Homework: • Actively read pages 291-296 (part of 12.1 and 12.2). • Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we have discussed, including: • Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading • Take notes on main ideas and key details • Make note of connections and questions as you read • When done reading, summarize by explaining the relationship between DNA, nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes. • Do Now: • Complete mid-year survey • Today’s Objectives: • Review the midterm and reflect on the first semester

  2. Bio 9C: Wednesday, 2.2.11Title: Snow Day

  3. Bio 9C: Thursday, 2.3.11Title: DNA Structure & Function • Homework: - If you weren’t here on Tuesday, you need to complete Tuesday’s homework. - EVERYONE needs to complete the following by Monday: • Read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes. • Summarize how DNA replicates! • Do Now: • Review the Genetics prior knowledge survey (bottom of the last page of the Midterm Exam Reflection). Can you add anything to your original responses now that you know more from the reading? If so, add it now! • Today’s Objectives: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA. • Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

  4. New For Semester Two • Everyone gets a maximum of 5 trips to the bathroom or nurse for the duration of Quarter 3. • You can use them whenever you want – including after lunch • You only get 5 for the quarter… • Issues with this policy? Please speak to me after class and we can have a conversation…

  5. Preview of Genetics:DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes • Count off by 6’s • Tables in the back (2 for each word) • DNA (tables 1 and 6) • Genes (tables 2 and 4) • Chromosomes (tables 3 and 5) • At your table: • Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two • One side: Write down everything you know about the word • Other side: Write down questions you have • After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add to the other posters

  6. Introduction to GeneticsDNA: Structure & Function PHA Biology 9 Moretti/ Dickson

  7. Intro to Genetics:DNA Structure & Function • Genetics: the study of heredity • What determines an organism’s traits (characteristics)? • How are traits passed on from one cell to another, and from parents to offspring? • DNA: the molecule that carries genetic information • DNA has two important functions: • Replicate – make exact copies of itself so it can be passed on • Carry instructions for making proteins that determine your traits • DNA is found in all cells (in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells) • Objectives for Class: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA.

  8. DNA Structure and Function • What is it? • DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Where do we find it? • Found in the Nucleus • What does it do? • Carries your genes • Carries information to • make the proteins • that make your traits • Objectives for Class: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA.

  9. DNA Structure and Function(refer to handout) Chromosomes Chromosomesunraveling into DNA Nucleotide Base Pairs DNA Gene:Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

  10. DNA Structure • Objectives for Class: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA.

  11. DNA Structure • “Building Blocks” = Nucleotide • Deoxyribose Sugar • Phosphate • Nitrogenous Base • Nucleotides put together: • Ladder: Uncoiled • Double Helix: 2 long coiled strands • Sides: alternating phosphates & sugars • Middle/ “Rungs” of ladder: • 2 Nitrogenous Bases connected by Hydrogen bonds • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

  12. DNA Structure: Nucleotides • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

  13. DNA Structure: Base Pairing • 4 Nitrogen Bases: • Adenine • Guanine • Thymine • Cytosine • Base Pairing: • A ---- T • G ---- C } Purine } Pyrimidine • Objectives for Class: • Identify

  14. DNA Structure: Images • Objectives for Class: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA.

  15. DNA Structure: Nucleotides • Complete the DNA Review (other side of the DNA/ Chromosome Handout) • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer

  16. Homework Completion • Tonight’s Homework • Actively read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes. • Summarize how DNA replicates!

  17. Bio 9C: Friday, 2.4.11Title: DNA Structure & Function • Homework: • None  • Do Now: • Next Slide… • Today’s Objectives: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  18. DO NOW: Write down this DNA Sequence: G A T A C A T G C G C T A T G T A C G C What is the sequence for the complementary (aka matching) DNA strand?

  19. DNA Structure and Function(refer to handout - review) Chromosomes Chromosomesunraveling into DNA Nucleotide Base Pairs DNA Gene:Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

  20. DNA Replication: Overview • DNA can make an exact copy of itself! • Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce • (during S-phase of the cell cycle…) • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  21. DNA Replication: Overview • DNA can make an exact copy of itself! • Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce • (during S-phase of the cell cycle…) • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  22. DNA Replication: Overview • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  23. Steps of DNA Replication 1. DNA Unzips: • Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base pairs • Creates 2 Complementary Strands (templates) 2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands (templates) • Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm • DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to both sides of the unzipped strands (Semi-Conservative). 3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are produced • DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  24. DNA Replication Note: TheRED Strandis the Original Strand • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  25. DNA S&F Review Complete the DNA Notes Activity • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  26. How do we know about DNA Structure? • Chargaff: A=T and C=G • Rosalind Franklin: • Actual X-ray of DNA • Showed double-helix structure • Died young due to X-rays! • Didn’t get credit for her contributions… pretty messed up! • Watson & Crick: Built a model using this evidence • (They got all of the credit – initially) • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  27. Bio 9C: Monday, 2.7.11Title: DNA Modeling Lab – Day 1 • Homework: • Complete Discussion Questions for Part I of Modeling Lab. • Meet in the Science Lab Tomorrow – NOT rm 107 • Do Now: • Next Slide • Today’s Objectives: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  28. Do Now 1. Write the complementary base sequence to this single strand of DNA 2. Which of the pictures below best illustrates DNA replication? Why? A. B. C. G A A C G T

  29. DNA Model Building Lab: Part I Part I: Constructing DNA • Build 36 nucleotides: • Count out the following and put the rest in a pile for later: 5 A 5 T 4 C 4 G • Build a double-stranded DNA molecule with these 18 nucleotides • Record your DNA Sequence in the table Then answer the questions and go on to Part 2 Nit. base phosphate sugar • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  30. Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.8.11Title: DNA Modeling Lab – Day 2 • Homework: • Read Section 10-2 (pgs. 244-249). • Use the reading and your notes from class to answer the following questions: • Summarize what happens in each of the following stages of the cell cycle: G1, S, G2, mitosis, and cytokinesis. • Do Now: • None – get into your groups from yesterday and get to work on Part II • Today’s Objectives: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  31. DNA Model Building Lab: Part II Part II: Replicating DNA • “Unzip” your DNA sequence by “breaking” the hydrogen bond between the two nitrogenous bases. Observe your two separate strands. Using the other pieces in your kit, create two new strands of DNA – nucleotide by nucleotide. • Note that when the DNA molecule splits in half, new complimentary bases attach to the separated strands creating two new strands of DNA. Be sure your base pairs match! • Be sure to construct your new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the original templates! • When finished: • Take all pieces apart and put them back in the bags • Answer the Discussion Questions for Part 2 • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  32. Title: DNA Structure & Function With Audio • The following slides are the DNA Replication Slides with audio explanations from Mr. Moretti

  33. DNA Replication: Overview • DNA can make an exact copy of itself! • Occurs every time a cell needs to reproduce • (during S-phase of the cell cycle…) • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  34. DNA Replication: Overview • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  35. Steps of DNA Replication 1. DNA Unzips: • Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base pairs • Creates 2 Complementary Strands (templates) 2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands (templates) • Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm • DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to both sides of the unzipped strands (Semi-Conservative). 3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are produced • DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

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