JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION

1. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES (Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress) Questionnaire Amy D. Ozier, PhD, RD, LDN: Northern Illinois University Olivia W. Kendrick, DrPH, RD: University of Alabama (UA) at Tuscaloosa James D. Leeper, PhD: UA Linda L. Knol, PhD, RD: UAMike Perko, PhD, CHES: UA Joy Burnham, PhD: UA JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

2. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Background • EADES Questionnaire created to assess how individuals cope with and appraise stress and emotions related to food • Preliminary validation completed • JADA. April 2007 (Vol. 107, Issue 4, Pages 619-628) • EADES Constructs Identified • Emotion and Stress Related Eating • Appraisal of Ability and Resources to Cope • Appraisal of Outside Influences and Stressors JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

3. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Purpose of Current Study Identify if constructs from the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Model (measured by the EADES Questionnaire) were related to overweight and obesity. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

4. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Design • Cross-sectional study • Convenience sample (n=822) of faculty and staff from a southeastern public university completed EADES Questionnaire via online or paper/pencil questionnaire • Ages: 18-83 • Overweight or obese: 55.8% JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

5. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire EADES Questionnaire Scoring • Cumulative scoring used for each construct • Emotion and Stress Related Eating • 24-120 points (lower scores represent greater emotion and stress related eating) • Appraisal of Ability and Resources to Cope • 20-100 points (lower scores represent more compromised appraisal skills and resources to cope) • Appraisal of Outside Influences and Stressors • 5-25 points (lower scores represent a more compromised ability of how one perceives stressors) • Quartiles within each range used for current study JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

6. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Results • Regression model included: • Race, gender, life stage (age), job category (cumulative R2=0.075) • Emotion and Stress Related Eating remained in model (R2=0.265) • Individuals scoring in the lowest quartiles for Emotion and Stress Related Eating were 13.38 more times likely to be overweight or obese compared to individuals scoring in the highest quartiles. (See next table) JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

7. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Variables Associated* with Overweight and Obesity (n=783) JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

8. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Conclusions • Emotion and Stress Related Eating as measured by the EADES Questionnaire can be used to assess non-traditional factors that influence maladaptive eating behavior. • Individuals who eat in response to stress and emotions are more likely to engage in overconsumption behaviors possibly leading to overweight or obesity. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

9. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Implications for Food and Nutrition Professionals • To maximize nutritional interventions, clients should be screened for stressors & emotions that influence eating behavior. • The EADES Questionnaire can be used to identify Emotion and Stress Related Eating in individuals who are overweight and obese. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008

10. Overweight and Obesity are Associated with Emotion and Stress Related Eating as Measured by the EADES Questionnaire Implications for Food and Nutrition Professionals • Stress management skills should be improved in those who overeat in response to emotional triggers. • Food and nutrition professionals need to explore their role in identifying and intervening in coping strategies for clients who eat in response to stress and emotions. • Referrals to professionals trained in cognitive behavior therapy are warranted for clients engaging in maladaptive eating to cope with stress and emotions. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Ozier, A, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108(1), Jan. 2008