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Ordered to Care Chapter 5 “Strangers to Boston”: who becomes a nurse 1880’s – 1930’s. Untrained / Trained. Older, widows Urban Native & foreign-born (Canada ~ Maritimes area: English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish). Younger, single Native & rural-born Chosen by nursing schools. Boston example.
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Ordered to CareChapter 5“Strangers to Boston”: who becomes a nurse 1880’s – 1930’s
Untrained / Trained • Older, widows • Urban • Native & foreign-born (Canada ~ Maritimes area: English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish) • Younger, single • Native & rural-born • Chosen by nursing schools
Boston example • Boston City – large, urban metropolitan hospital • Long Island – almshouse & small chronic-care institute • Somerville – community volunteer hospital
Nursing Schools by early 1900’s • 20 – 35 ( > 35: too hard or too set in her ways) • Boston: 2/3 req. some HS • Boston City: writing & reading tests • Ideal: Self-supporting & not a burden to family; Unmarried • Genteel eachers • Virtuous, hard-working • More 17 – 18 year olds • Less maturity/spirituality • Boston: 55% > 2 yrs HS • Directly from school • Clerks, sales, stenographers • Domestics, untrained hospital nurses, nursing school dropouts
NSG Schools PRovided • Opportunity for Service • Income • Geographic mobility • Safe haven from city dangers • Good moral training • Discipline / “finish” • “Family” environment • Could leave only to care for seriously ill family member • No say in: schedule or • Attire (dress, apron, cap) • Work was drudgery! • No personal or sick leave • Restrictions / Containment
Altruism? Autonomy? Culture: Nurse as Hero “End of the Road” ~ 1919 film for women Many Disenchanted With Nursing • “failed to live up to promises” • “take up teaching or stenography” • “not what it is ‘cracked up’ to be” • “Romance is Gone in Nursing the Sick” – Boston Herald, 1907 • http://vimeo.com/13989016
Johnson & Johnson1930’s – 1940’s “Forward, on the threshold of a noble career, the graduate nurse moves forward in a calling devoted to the service of humanity – Wherever she may serve, her uniform stands as a symbol of trained intelligence, her courage and loyalty inspire respect and confidence.”