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Inductive Reasoning and The Common Topics. Types of Reasoning. Deductive Reasoning. Inductive Reasoning. Bottom-Up Logic. Top-Down Logic. Aristotle's Common Topics. Topic One: Definitions Done at the start of an argument/discussion Two things must be defined Your position
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Types of Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Bottom-Up Logic • Top-Down Logic
Aristotle's Common Topics • Topic One: Definitions • Done at the start of an argument/discussion • Two things must be defined • Your position • The key terms of your position • Topic Two: Testimony • Using outside support for your argument • Ex: Testimony, Examples, Statistics, Proverbs
Aristotle's Common Topics • Topic Three: Comparison • Comparisons to previous knowledge/understanding • Three Types • Analogy, Difference, Degree • Topic Four: Relationship • Examining how concepts relate to one another to construct better conclusions • Cause and Effect, Antecedent and Consequence, Contraries, Contradictories
Aristotle's Common Topics • Topic Five: Circumstance • Recognition of what circumstances are needed to construct the conclusion • Subtopics: • Possible and Impossible • Past and Future Fact