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Internet and Mobile Networks It’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies

Internet and Mobile Networks It’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies. Timo Ali-Vehmas timo.ali-vehmas@Nokia.com. Introduction. Flow. Intuition. Case1. Case2. Example1. Example2. Observations. Introduction. Intuition. Case1. Case2. Example1. Example2.

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Internet and Mobile Networks It’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies

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  1. Internet and Mobile NetworksIt’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies Timo Ali-Vehmas timo.ali-vehmas@Nokia.com TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  2. Introduction Flow Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations Introduction Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  3. Introduction What is Really New ? Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations There have been only very few major discontinuities in the history of information processing and distribution • Genetic information process 2000 000 000 ..4000 000 000 years ago • Non Voice process 500 000 000…1000 000 000 years ago • Voice based process 300 000 000 years ago • Speech based process 1 000 000 years ago • Process based on Writing 10 000 years ago • Process based on Printing 500 years ago • Process based on p2p TeleCommunications 150 years ago • Process based on MassCommunications 100 years ago • Process based on Unlimited Connectivity less than 10 years ago TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  4. Introduction Observations…. Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Social interactions of the people are the driving the use of information processing and communications • For the first time in the history, we have a platform, which can extend the face to face social interactions over the globe, in practice uncompromised, Supporting the power law distribution of links between people. • Separation of technology (connectivity) and social interaction (functional) • Mobility is one of the main elements of post-modern society TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 10

  5. Introduction Standardize Differentiate Long Waves of History Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Centralized and Distributed • Double Helix Centrex Nortel Siemens National PTTs AT&T Google Talk Mobile VoIP Local Telephone Companies A Bell PBX AT&T Nortel Internet VoiP, Skype IP PBX, Cisco, Lucent, Siemens,NEC... Ref. Mark Gaynor Jarkko Vesa TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  6. Innovation and Differentiation Utility, Value Applications Value Social networks Reed Interconnection More the same Business networks Metcalfe System model Centralized, on System component level, System design of devices Performance and cost Utilization of standard components Standardization Value Capture, Cost Applications Social Compatibility Application, Technology Service Diffusion Dominant design Interconnection Inter business system compatibility Global compatibility of services System model Centralized on system level Intra System Compatibility Multi vendor Performance cost Introduction What is What ? Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  7. System (= Dependencies) Input/Processing/Output SISO model Complex System MIMO Pan-Causality Perception is Reality Clock Cycle based System identification Standardization, a system between regulation and commercial operations Introduction How to define a System ? Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations Ref Heikki Hyötyniemi Kybernetiikan Alkeet TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  8. Internet Applications End to End between peers Individual innovation Interconnection Common protocol set Peering, Volume based System model Flat horizontal “dumb” network Low value, Low cost Simple but efficient transport Mainly best effort (Good enough) Regulative requirements Low Standardization Strong de Facto models (IETF, W3C, IEEE,..) Approved directly or indirectly later by some SDO’s (ANSI, ITU.....) Applications and Protocols stand-alone or as part of products and components Mobile networks Applications Centralized (Core Network) control Centralized standardized innovation Interconnection Dedicated interconnection protocols Clearing house, Value based System model Vertical, application sensitive network High value of guaranteed service High complexity and cost Guaranteed level of Service Regulative requirements Quite strong Standardization National and regional SDO’s (ETSI, ANSI, ARIB, ETRI, ITU) delegating power to International projects, (3GPP, 3GPP2, OMA,..) Interworking Systems, Systems and Compatible products and services Introduction Some Characteristics of the Internet and Mobile Systems Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  9. Introduction Focus on Mobile Standardization Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Applications based exiting non-mobile applications • Mobile specific applications technologies • WAP Forum, Wireless Village, Liberty Alliance,.. • OMA consolidating and further developing application related technologies for Mobile domain • Device Management, Browsing, Push Over Cellular, Location... • Mobile operators’ proprietary Innovation • I-Mode, Vodafone Live,... • Interconnection standardization has a long history • ITU recommendations, SS7, E164,... • Mobile system specific Interconnection based on the experience of GSM MAP/CAMEL • 3GPP and 3GPP2 maintain and develop further mobile domain specific protocols • System modules, Vertically optimized Radio and Network technologies for 100% Compatibility • 3GPP • Core network evolution, Circuit core, GPRS, IMS • GSM, GERAN (EDGE) evolution, almost completed • WCDMA, UTRAN evolution, gaining strength, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ • OFDMA Packet only technology emerging, LTE • 3GPP2 • Core network evolution, Circuit core, PDSN/PDGN, IMS • CDMA2000 evolution based on the narrow band CDMA (originally IS-95) • CDMA2000 DO packet optimized radio • CDMA2000 Long term evolution just emerging TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  10. Introduction Focus on Internet Standardization Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Applications based on open technologies but a lot of proprietary extensions • Basic application technologies • W3C, Web 2.0, XML, HTML, • IETF, POP, IMAP, • Utilized by Individual innovation, Proprietary specifications • Skype, Microsoft, Cisco, ... • Open source implementation challenge • IBM, RedHat, MontaVista, ...Mozilla, Apache,... • Interconnection based on the open IETF protocols with semi-open extension • TCP/IP is the corner stone • IPv4 and IPv6, Mobile IP • Tunneling, Low Intelligence in the Network • Routing, MPLS • Security • System modules, Transparent Radio technologies from IEEE with semi-open extensions • IEEE802 Industry Forums • .11 WLAN, WiFi • .15 UWB • .16 WiMax • .21 Interworking TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  11. Introduction Stories of technology leveraging, IMS Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • IMS, Internet Multimedia Subsystem • 3GPP initiative to allow significant net services to evolve in the mobile operators’ networks • Collaboration of IETF and 3GPP (Technology leveraging of SIP technologies) • Transport and Access independent service system • Interworking with the legacy • Control functions of all the IMS services • VoIP.. CoIP • Online services, Games • Group services, Chat, presence • Access independence • WCDMA • CDMA2000 • WLAN • WIMAX • DSL TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  12. Introduction IMS Adoption status Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • IMS idea is adopted broadly • IMS has many names • IMS business is now emerging • IMS maintains the mobile operators’ value chain model TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  13. Introduction Stories of technology leveraging, UMA Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Unlicensed Mobile Access • Initiative in 3GPP to support Mobile operators’ customers where the cellular network is not competitive • Collaboration of 3GPP and IEEE • Tunneling though WLAN and BT access • Improved coverage • Service continuation • Cost savings for the operator ! • Cost savings for the end user ? • Single terminal • Application portability • Terminal services • Operator services • UMA Follows and Mobile operators’ value system model • Access to Internet ? TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  14. Introduction Stories of technology leveraging, Skype Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Skype to work in the 3G networks of 3 and ePlus • Standard 3G GPRS Packet bearer • Flat rate charging model ? • Community Compatibility • Transparent 3G network • Skype on Mobile networks follow the Internet model TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  15. Introduction Convergence start with Technology Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Technology itself is neutral • Competition based on the laws of physics • Competition based on the regulative acceptance (spectrum..) • Competition based on the adoption by standardization bodies • Competition based on the adoption by value systems • Competition based on the adoption of operators within value systems • Competition based on the adoption of the end users • Competition based on the inter-working • Competition based on the price ( cost ) of the primary service • Competition based on the innovation and re-use • Good Ideas and Technologies will be re-used Ref Rogers TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  16. Introduction Consolidating, Converging, Diverging Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Technology is neutral • Technologies may be developed further forever • Value systems converge and merge and emerge, based on the factors that are much broader and deeper than just technologies • Regulation should be neutral for between value systems • Between value systems there is little need for compatibility anyway • Regulation should not be neutral inside each value system • Harmonization of technologies for each purpose is needed • Competition between technologies in the same value system does not provide added value for the end user but increases costs of the vendors and operators • Competition between operators and technologies (vendors) may increase innovation • Standardization is value system sensitive • Driven by people • Driven by companies • Driven by value system players TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  17. Richness of the End User Experience TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  18. Introduction Success of Innovation – Failure of Standardization or Regulation ?Radio Convergence Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • First it was only GSM 900 • Then it became GSM900/1800 and later 1900 • IMT2000 family was launched but it included • UMTS (WCDMA, GERAN, TDSCDMA), UWC136, DECT, CDMA2000,.. • All evolution • ITU Stamp • Internet radio’s • WLAN • WIMAX • .20 • Cable replacement • Bluetooth • UWB • Broadcast • DVBH • MBMS • Media FLO TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  19. Introduction Some Observations Intuition Case1 Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations • Traditional Internet and Mobile service will be available through many Value Systems, isolated “pipes” • Each value system includes internal and external competitive elements • Compatibility is crucial within each value system • Value systems gain and loose when merging together • Do not look at the symptoms only, Look at the deep structures • Value is created by Innovation but innovation leads to fragmentation • Value can be made better usable, utility is increased, by standardization • Harmonized solutions (technologies) add value only when directly visible to the end users • Unharmonized solutions (technologies) reduce value when applied within one value system • Unharmonized solutions (technologies) are natural in different value systems due to different regulative and end user requirements TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  20. "Whoever in debate quotes authority uses not intellect, but memory." (Leonardo Da Vinci) TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

  21. References Nadvi/Wältring • http://inef.uni-due.de/page/documents/report58.pdf Kauffman et al • http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/Angsana_102403.pdf Park • http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2004/295/SIM_tprc.pdf Allen • http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=968564 Vesa • http://www.irma-international.org/irmpress/details.asp?id=4583 Gaynor • http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471214752/qid=1042595511/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_1/104-1146750-5826346?n=507846&s=books&v=glance Hyötyniemi • http://www.control.hut.fi/Kurssit/AS-74.4192/ Rogers • http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0029266718/102-1430326-1391347?v=glance&n=283155 TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

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