The Rock Record

1. The Rock Record The questions will be read automatically, if you want to hear it again click on the speaker.

2. a. fossilized animal tracks b. c. a fossil used to date rock layers d. Trace fossils

3. a. sedimentary rock layers are younger than layers below b. a layer of sedimentary rock over an older, eroded layer of rock c. disconformity

4. a. an interruption in the geologic record b. a layer of sediment deposited annually c. d. varve

5. a. an interruption in the geologic record b. a layer of sediment deposited annually c. d. unconformity

6. a. a fossil used to date rock layers b. sedimentary rock layers are younger than layers below c. d. index fossils

7. a. a fossil used to date rock layers b. c. a layer of sedimentary rock over an older, eroded layer of rock d. nonconformity

8. a. b. c. numeric age of an object d. the age of an object in relation to other objects Absolute age

9. A. B. the age of an object in relation to other objects C. D. the principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes uniformitarianism

10. a. b. c. numeric age of an object d. the age of an object in relation to other objects Relative age

11. A. B. sedimentary rock layers are younger than layers below C. a layer of sedimentary rock over an older, eroded layer of rock D. Law of superposition

12. a. b. c. tree ring. d.glacial lake. A varve is most like a(n)

13. a.mummification. b. petrification. c. d. The way fossils are formed in very dry places is called

14. a. b. c.tar that fossilizes insects d.tree sap that fossilizes insects What is amber?

15. a. fossilized fish b. fossilized dung or waste c. d. What is a coprolite?

16. a. b. c.law of crosscutting relationships d. law of thermodynamics If an igneous intrusion is observed through a layer of sedimentary rock, what geological law or principle applies?

17. a. b. c.10,000 to 20,000 years. d.10,000 years. Using rates of erosion to determine the absolute age of a geologic feature is practical only for features formed within the past

18. a. b. Radioactive decay happens very quickly. c. d.Radioactive decay happens at a relatively constant rate. Why is radioactive decay used to determine the absolute age of rocks?

19. a.Parent isotopes are compared to daughter isotopes. b. Isotopes of different compounds are compared. c. d. How is radioactive decay used to determine the absolute age of rocks?

20. a.a stone inside a fish b. a stone that was inside a dinosaur c. d. What is a gastrolith?

21. a.carbonized trace fossils. b. c.carbonized residue of plants or fish. d. Carbon films are

22. A. fossils of shells within hardened sediment B. C. D. stone from a dinosaur’s digestive system, used to help grind food mold

23. A. a fossil used to estimate the age of rock layers B. atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons C. D. isotopes

24. A. a fossil used to estimate the age of rock layers B. C. D. the scientific study of fossils paleontology

25. a. b. the time it takes half the mass of a given amount of a radioactive isotope to decay into its daughter isotopes c. d. atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons half-life

26. a. freezing, petrification, desiccation, amber b. amber, petrification, mummification, freezing c. d. Which of the following are all ways that organisms can be fossilized?

27. a. b. c. daughter isotope. d. child isotope. In radiometric dating, scientists compare the proportion of a radioactive parent isotope to a stable

28. a. measure the amount of sediment. b. measure the rate at which the stream erodes its bed. c. d. One method used to estimate the absolute age of a stream is to

29. A. B. C. Petrification D. Casting When mineral solutions replace original organic materials to create a fossil, the process is called

30. a.intrusion. b.fault. c. d. A break or crack in Earth’s crust along which rocks shift their position is called a(n)

31. a. b. c.coarse summer layer of sediment overlaid with a fine winter layer. d.layer of coarse sediment deposited annually. A varve consists of a

32. a.30 cm over 1,000 years. b.30 cm over 100 years. c. d. In general, sedimentary rock is deposited at the rate of

33. a. b.metamorphic rock. c.sedimentary rock. d. Almost all fossils are discovered in

34. a. b. c. horizontal layers of old sedimentary rock erode, then get covered by new layers d. undisturbed sedimentary rock remains in horizontal layers original horizontality

35. a. folded or tilted rock comes to the surface, erodes, and new sediment is deposited b. c. horizontal layers of old sedimentary rock erode, then get covered by new layers d. angular unconformity

36. a. formed by radioactive decay. b. used to date objects less than 70,000 years old. c. d. Carbon-14 is an isotope

37. a. most bacteria can’t survive freezing temperatures. b. c. it needs water to decay. d. A frozen organism does not decay because

38. a. strata. b. data. c. d. Layers of rock are called

39. a. The rock layers have been tilted or deformed b. The rock layers are not actually sedimentary. c. d. What can scientists assume when sedimentary rock layers are not horizontal?

40. a. Mt. Saint Helens b. c. Niagara Falls d. Which geologic feature can be given an absolute age using rates of erosion?

41. a. b. c. radioactive d. igneous Small amounts of what type of materials in rocks can act as natural clocks?

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