Chapter 9: Privacy, Crime, and Security

1. Chapter 9: Privacy, Crime, and Security

2. Privacy in Cyberspace • Privacy: an individual’s ability to restrict or eliminate the collection, use and sale of confidential personal information • The problem: collection of information without consent • Anonymity: the ability to convey a message without disclosing your name or identity

3. Privacy in Cyberspace • Cookies: small files that are written to your computer’s hard disk by many of the Web sites you visit • Global Unique Identifier (GUID): an identification number that is generated by a hardware component or a program

4. Protecting Your Privacy • Browse anonymously by surfing from www.anonymizer.com • Disable cookies on your Web browser • Use a free e-mail address to place on Web pages, mailing lists, chat rooms, or other public Internet spaces • Do not fill out site registration forms unless you see a privacy statement indicating that the information gathered will not be sold to 3rd parties

5. Types of Computer Crime • Identity Theft • Computer Virus: a hidden code within a program that may damage or destroy infected files • Time Bomb (Logic Bomb): a virus that sits harmlessly on a system until a certain event causes the program to become active • Worm: a program that can spread from one computer to another and can propagate over a computer network • Trojan Horse: a rogue program disguised as a useful program but contains hidden instructions to perform a malicious task instead

6. Types of Computer Crime • Salami Shaving: a method that a programmer alters a program to subtract a very small amount of money from an account and divests the funds to the embezzler’s account • Data Diddling: a method that insiders modify data by altering accounts or database records so that it is difficult to tell that they have stolen funds or equipments • Forgery: a method that a user makes Internet data appear to come from one place when it is really coming from another • Blackmail

7. Attackers • Hackers, Crackers (Black hats), Cybergangs, Virus Authors, Ethical Hackers (White Hats) • Swindlers • Shills • Cyberstalkers and Sexual Predators

8. Security Risks • Wireless Network • War Driving: an individual drives around with a wireless device to look for wireless networks • Corporate Espionage: the unauthorized access of corporate information, usually to the benefit of a competitor • Information Warfare: the use of information technologies to corrupt or destroy an enemy’s information and infrastructure • Security Loophole Detection Program: a program that automatically search for unprotected or poorly protected computers

9. Protecting Computer Systems • Power-Related Problems: by using Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) • Controlling Access: by using password authentication, know-and-have authentication, or biometric authentication • Firewall: a computer program or device that permits an organization’s internal computer users to access the external Internet but severely limits the ability of outsiders to access internal data • Avoiding Scams • Preventing Cyberstalking

10. Encryption • Encryption: a coding or scrambling process that renders a message unreadable by anyone except the intended recipient • Public Key Encryption • Encryption Key (Public Key) • Decryption Key (Private Key) • Digital Signature: a technique that guarantees a message has not been tampered with • Digital Certificate: a technique for validating one’s identity • Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): a uniform set of encryption standards that specify how public key encryption, digital signatures, digital certificates should be implemented in computer systems and on the Internet