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Frans Blanker

Frans Blanker. Tendering process in the Netherlands the factor vehicles. EMTA General Meeting Berlin, September 18, 2012 Frans Blanker MuConsult BV. Content. Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned.

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Frans Blanker

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  1. Frans Blanker

  2. Tendering process in the Netherlandsthe factor vehicles EMTA General MeetingBerlin, September 18, 2012 Frans Blanker MuConsult BV

  3. Content Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 The Dutch market for regional railway services First steps: monopoly in rolling stock Development of the market Recent (re)tenders: new approach on rolling stock Lessons learned

  4. 1.Dutch market for regional railway services • Reorganisation of the railway market (1998 – 2005): • Concession core network for all passenger services awarded directly to Dutch State Railways (NS) 2005 – 2014. Concession high speed line tendered, won by NS/KLM • New concession core network and HSL 2015 – 2024 directly awarded to NS • Decentralization of responsibilities for regional passenger services: • voluntary, though future of some services was threatened • transfer of resources to regional authorities • obligation to tender services within three years • Passenger services on 24 lines decentralized, most were actually tendered by regional authorities Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012

  5. 2.First steps: monopoly in rolling stock • First decentralizations 1998-2000: • NS owned all rolling stock. Due to specific infrastructure, no suitable trains available elsewhere • Almelo – Mariënberg tendered in 1997: • 2 old DMU’s from 1953 sold by NS • Gelderland and Fryslân 1998/1999: • concessions awarded to joint ventures bus-operators / NS • NS provided existing rolling stock via NSFS (NS lease company, based in Ireland) • in Gelderland, Lint41-DMU’s replaced oldest plan U-DMU’s (built 1960-63), also leased from NSFS • rapid increase of ridership due to integration bus and trainservices • extra DMU’s provided by NSFS Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 5

  6. 2.First steps: monopoly in rolling stock • First tenders 1999-2003: • All won by NS or joint ventures involving NS: • existing rolling stock transferred to NSFS and leased to joint ventures (NoordNed and Syntus) • maintenance obligatory contracted to Nedtrain • new Lint41-DMU’s for Zutphen – Oldenzaal required by authority, acquired via NSFS • new DMU’s for Zutphen – Apeldoorn poorly prescribed, tender won by NS with older DM’90’s • Conclusions: • Ownership rolling stock proved crucial in tendering services • Monopoly delayed innovation (lightweight, low floor) and competition on vehicle maintenance Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 6

  7. 3.Development of the market • New tenders 2005-2006: • Authorities requiring new accessible trains • First ‘electric services’ tendered • New rules for certification and permission • Expansion of bus-operators to regional rail, more competition • Maaslijn-tender (2006): • Suitable NS-DMU’s (140 km/h), only 10-year lease offered • Veolia won concession in may 2006, offering new DMU’s • only non-suitable DH-stock (100 km/h) to fill the gap • delays, overcrowded trains and many replacement buses • According to Veolia, new DMU’s were cheaper Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 7

  8. 3.Development of the market • Valleilijn-tender (2005/06): • New EMU’s required for 10-year concession 2005 - 2015 • Uncertainty about new certification- and permission rules • Tender failed due to high risks for operators • Survey on train detection: no problems expected for EMU’s • certification rules adapted • Adapted second tender 2006 - 2021 • upgraded NS-EMU’s accepted, new EMU’s favourised • 15 year-concession and warranty for re-use of new EMU’s • Tender won by connexxion with new FTD-Protos EMU’s • 3 months delay in production and permission • no fallback option, limited services and bus replacement • penalties adding up to € 400K • Protos EMU’s developed and permitted in 2 years time Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 8

  9. 3.Development of the market • Changes: • Bankruptcy of FTD prevented orders for more Protos-EMU’s • Stadler GTW is now ‘standard’ for decentralized services • All new EMU’s/DMU’s first owned by operators • after delivery, rolling stock sold to leasing companies and leased back to acquire capital for new investments • might cause difficulties transferring rolling stock after retendering • Conclusions: • Transparency and certainty on certification rolling stock needed • Short implementation period causes dependence of incumbent operator with monopoly on used rolling stock Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 9

  10. 4.Recent (re)tenders: new approach rolling stock • First re-tenders (diesel networks): • Rolling stock still owned by NSFS (17 year old DM’90 and 10 year old Lint41 DMU’s) • Pressure to prescribe re-use NSFS-stock • Implementation period over 2 years: • Lint41 accepted • possibility to acquire new rolling stock • Arriva 34 new Stadler GTW for Gelderland concession • Syntus (subsidiary of NS and Keolis): re-use of 10 Lint41 • Arnhem – Doetinchem services (starting dec. 2012): • Tender delayed • Rolling stock (9 Stadler GTW) ordered by autority • Transfer of order prescribed in tender Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 10

  11. 4.Recent (re)tenders: new approach rolling stock • Light rail (Zwolle – Kampen): • Conversion to light rail operation with hybrid trams planned • Crashworthiness requirements EN 15227 not met by trams • Admission process requires demonstration of equal safety • no guidelines on judgement of alternative safety measures • high risk for supplier of trams • Service tendered twice, yet without result • RijnGouweLijn light rail-project suffered from similar problems, though 6 Bombardier trams ran in public service for 4 years! • Project aborted due to altered political priorities • Radical solution in RandstadRail: no track sharing, but infrastructure converted to light rail standards • Track sharing without mixed operation (freight) HoekseLijn Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 11

  12. 5.Lessons learned • Level playing field in procurement of rolling stock is crucial for successful tendering of (regional) railway services • authorities need knowledge of rolling stock market • sufficient time (2 – 3 years) needed between awarding a concession and start of operation • monopoly on (used) rolling stock slows down competition in vehicle maintenance • Clear admission standards necessary to procure rolling stock • high risks for both operator and supplier • prevents innovations as light rail, even without track sharing • conversion of infrastructure as an (expensive) alternative Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 12

  13. 5.Lessons learned • Obligatory transfer of rolling stock at re-tender • reduces depreciation risks for (first) operator • no experience in practice yet • Slow development in procurement and ownership • authorities reluctant to purchase rolling stock themselves as they fear financial risks • however, operator passes risks in concession price anyway • Pre-ordering rolling stock by authority • effective to prevent availability-risks • probably solution if special vehicles required Content Dutch market First steps Market development Recent (re)tenders Lessons learned Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 13

  14. Thank you for your attention Tendering process in the Netherlands – the factor vehicles EMTA Berlin, September 18, 2012 14

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