About OMICS Group

1. About OMICS Group OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology ‘Open Access’, OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 International conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions.

2. About OMICS Group Conferences OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Pharma scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit. OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.

3. Thedevelopmentofan oligonucleotide, label-freeelectrochemicalimpedancebased point-of-caretechnology AldinMalkoc ArizonaStateUniversity,USA JeffreyT.LaBelle, Ph.DMichaelCaplan,Ph.D

4. Background:BacterialInfectious Disease(BID)Statistics • BIDsareresponsiblefor at least4.6 million deathsin theworld • AnnualCosts • – 100billiondollars annualworldwide “WHO (2008)TheBurdenofTuberculosis:EconomicBurden.Geneva,Switzerland:WorldHealth Organization.” “Thetop10causesofdeath.(n.d.).WHO.RetrievedJuly13,2014,” “GallupJL,SachsJD (2000)TheEconomicBurdenofMalaria.Cambridge,MA,USA:CenterforInternationalDevelopmentatHarvardUniversity”

5. CurrentSOTA(StateoftheArt)BIDSensors http://www.biomerieux-diagnostics.com/servlet/srt/bio/clinical-diagnostics/dynPage?open=CNL_CLN_PRD&doc=CNL_PRD_CPL_G_PRD_CLN_11&pubparams.sform=4&lang=enhttp://www.vintessential.com.au/resources/articles/malolactic-fermentation-monitoring.html

6. Whatto Measureforin BIDs DNAStrand • WhyNucleotide • Earlier/Accurate • detection • Goal • EISandMolecular Beacon • Ideal Method • Lowcost • Highspecificityand • sensitivity • Quickresponse time • •

7. ExperimentalSetup • UsingTPcombinedwithEISimmobilizationchemistryfordetection • – Nucleotide-nucleotideinteractions • EIS • – Threeelectrodeset-up Target Sequence WT:ATTATTACTTTACTATATTAGCTTTTCCGCCATCTAAAATTCTATT • HotPlate – Optimalbindingtemperature SNP:ATTATTACTTTACTATATTATCTTTTCCGCCATCTAAAATTCTATT Tentacleprobe functionalizedgolddisk electrode HotPlate BIDbindsto tentacleprobe

8. DataCollected • LowerLimitDetection • Replicationof Data 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Impedance(Ohm) Figureat Left. ATemperature gradientof usingamolecular beacon. Immobilizedto Gold surface. 0 204060 Temperature(degC) 80 Satterfield,B.C.,M.R.Caplan,andJ.A.A.West."Tentacleprobesandwichassayinporouspolymermonolithimproves specificity,sensitivityandkinetics."NucleicAcids Research36.19(2008):e129-e129.Print. [5]Bhavasar,2009

9. FutureWork&Conclusion • Rapid Probe • Rapidprobe(RP) – ReplaceTP withmolecular beaconthatistrulycost efficient. • Human bloodtesting • – ComplexSolution • Multiplexing – Detectionfor multipleBID fromonesample • Realtimetesting – Point-of-careEIS/RPdevice ‘Co-Diagnostics.(n.d.).Co-Diagnostics.Retrieved July16,2014,fromhttp://www.codiagnostics.com’‘http://www.ysinhhocphantu.com/training/ky-thuat-real-time-pcr/8/’‘http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/contents.jsp?docid=100220&doctype=13’

10. ThankYou Questions? Fundingfrom ASU FultonUndergraduateResearchInitiative Labelle’sArmy

11. ExtraSlides

12. Immobilization

13. StripElectrodes

14. bioMerieux Metabolicanalysis • Identifies gram negativeorpositivemicrobes • Loadandculture thecupulesand inoculatefor24-48hrs • Adistinctpattern(20codes)reducesintoa7digit codeyougive tothecompanythat identifiesthebacteria(genus andspeciesID) http://www.biomerieux-diagnostics.com/servlet/srt/bio/clinical- diagnostics/dynPage?open=CNL_CLN_PRD&doc=CNL_PRD_CPL_G_PRD_CLN_11&pubparams.sform=4&lang=en

15. JBAIDS • JointBiologicalAgent Identificationand DiagnosticSystem (JBAIDS)Plague Detectionkit • Yersiniapestis • IdahoTechnology,Inc. SaltLakeCity,UT • Anthrax,Brucellaspp, BotulismA, Coxiella,E. coli0157,Tularemia, Ricin, Salmonella, Smallpox,andPlague • Realtime PCR

16. Solutions– TentacleProbe TM • TentacleProbe • CaptureRegion • DetectionRegion • HighSpecificity • HighSensitivity • WithorwithoutPCR ArcxisBiotechnology,

17. Solutions– TentacleProbe TM • TentacleProbe • CaptureRegion • DetectionRegion • HighSpecificity • HighSensitivity • WithorwithoutPCR ArcxisBiotechnology,

18. Solutions– TentacleProbe TM • TentacleProbe • CaptureRegion • DetectionRegion • HighSpecificity • HighSensitivity • With orwithoutPCR ArcxisBiotechnology,

19. Solutions– TentacleProbe TM • TentacleProbe R • CaptureRegion • DetectionRegion • HighSpecificity • HighSensitivity • WithorwithoutPC ArcxisBiotechnology,

20. Solutions– TentacleProbe TM • TentacleProbe • CaptureRegion • DetectionRegion • HighSpecificity • HighSensitivity • WithorwithoutPCR ArcxisBiotechnology,

21. Solutionscont.. • Synthesizedoligonucleotide • Capture–PEG–Hairpin • 18ComplementaryBP–PEG–CALfluor560- 29ComplementaryBP–BHQ1 • B.anthracis–B.cereus • 1BPpolymorphism NOFALSEPOS • Y.pestis– Y. psudotuberculosis • 25deleted bases NOFALSEPOS

22. ImmobilizationofTentacleProbeTM OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH S S S S S S GDE EDC EDC EDC EDC EDC EDC GDE NHS NHS NHS NHS NHS NHS IL12 IL12 IL12 IL12 IL12 IL12 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S GDE GDE GDE

23. Table1 Table1–listof descriptions,prosandconsforcommon electrochemical techniques Description Pros Cons Electrochemical Technique [1] Amethodinwhich onevoltageis appliedtothe solution systemandcurrentovertimeis measured.This isverypopularandwell- developedtomeasureblood glucoselevels. Intrinsicallyhas continuoustimeabilities andchosenvoltage.This techniqueiswellknown. Thedetectionrangeis 10- 4-10-6M. Amperometrici-t (AMP-it)[2] [3] Essentially,a more sensitive CVusing differentialvoltagesweeping,but doesonly oxidation or onlyreduction,as it sweepsvoltage in onedirection. Amoresensitive determinationof oxidation or reduction voltagesofthesample. Can onlysweepvoltage in onedirectionand detectionrangeis10-6-10- 9M. SquareWave Voltammetry(SWV) [4] [5] ] Wang,2006[2]Bishop2010[3]Ye, 2008[4]Cai 2009[5]Bhavasar,2009

24. Electrochemical ImpedanceSpectroscopy(EIS)Background Graphically NyquistPlot (imaginaryimpedance) (realimpedance) Lisdatetal,Bioanal.Chem,2008 Mathematically Z(j)U(j)Z()jZ() ZRZcos() (realimpedance) ZiZsin() (imaginaryimpedance) ri I(j)

25. Background:EISEquivalentCircuitModels NyquistPlot Circuit Model Decreasingω Randles Circuit -Im(Z) Rct Rs Rs+Rct Rs Re(Z) Cd Warburg Circuit Rct Z Diffusion -Im(Z) Kinetic Rs Rs+Rct Rs Re(Z) C d Verma,AppliedProjectDefense.June2011

26. ElectrochemicalTechniques CyclicVoltammetry(CV) Output Input Useful for other techniques:SWV FormalPotential:Averageof ReductionandOxidationPeakVoltages Ampi*tEIS La Belle,E.Chem.101.2011.

27. Let Us Meet Again We welcome you all to our future conferences of OMICS Group International Please Visit:www.omicsgroup.com www.conferenceseries.com www.pharmaceuticalconferences.com