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Unit 5: Genetics

Unit 5: Genetics . Lesson 2: Sexual Reproduction. Bell Work. What does DNA stand for? What is a chromosomes and what is found on a chromosome ? Due to the fact that we did not finish the lab, the note packet will be due on Tuesday by the end of the school day. Today’s Objectives. Bell Work

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Unit 5: Genetics

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  1. Unit 5: Genetics Lesson 2: Sexual Reproduction

  2. Bell Work • What does DNA stand for? • What is a chromosomes and what is found on a chromosome? Due to the fact that we did not finish the lab, the note packet will be due on Tuesday by the end of the school day.

  3. Today’s Objectives • Bell Work • Lesson 2 Notes • Review Questions

  4. Standards & Objectives • Standard 7.L.4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring and how environmental factors and the use of technologies influence the transfer of genetic information. • 7.L.4A. Conceptual Understanding: Inheritance is the key process causing similarities between parental organisms and their offspring. Organisms that reproduce sexually transfer genetic information (DNA) to their offspring. This transfer of genetic information through inheritance leads to greater similarity among individuals within a population than between populations. Technology allows humans to influence the transfer of genetic information. Performance Indicators: Students who demonstrate this understanding can: • 7.L.4A.2Construct explanations for how genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring in organisms that reproduce sexually. • It is essential that students construct explanations for how genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring in organisms that reproduce sexually.

  5. Chromosomes • There are two types of chromosomes: • Autosomesand sex chromosomes • Sex Chromosomes: • More than 1200 genes are on the human X chromosome. • The human Y chromosome contains only about 140 genes.

  6. Autosomal Chromosomes • The other 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes are called autosomal or autosomes. • Humans have 46 chromosomes • 23 from the male parent • 23 from the female parent • Each set of chromosomes is homologous • Each of the 23 chromosomes from the male parent will “match” with each of the 23 chromosomes from the female parent.

  7. How many chromosomes • Is there any correlation between organism size and number of chromosomes? • Do animals have more chromosomes than plants?

  8. Sex Chromosome and Sex Determination In humans gender is determined by the sex chromosomes. The 23rd pair. 50% of sperm cells carry X, 50% carry Y. 100% of egg cells carry X. XX = female and XY= male. Which parent determines the gender of the baby?

  9. Diploid vs. Haploid • Cells can have a full set of chromosomes (diploid), or half a set of chromosomes (haploid). • The diploid number is ALWAYS even.

  10. Exit Slip What is the difference between haploid and diploid? What are sex chromosomes? What is a gene?

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