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Network on Metrology, Accreditation and Standardization for Developing Countries (DCMAS network)

Network on Metrology, Accreditation and Standardization for Developing Countries (DCMAS network). Building corresponding technical infrastructures to support sustainable development and trade in developing countries and countries in transition. DCMAS network members (1/2).

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Network on Metrology, Accreditation and Standardization for Developing Countries (DCMAS network)

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  1. Network on Metrology, Accreditation and Standardization for Developing Countries (DCMAS network) • Building corresponding technical infrastructures to support sustainable development and trade in developing countries and countries in transition. DCMAS NETWORK

  2. DCMAS network members (1/2) • Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) www.bipm.org • International Accreditation Forum (IAF) www.iaf.nu • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) www.iec.ch • International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation (ILAC) www.ilac.org • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) www.iso.org DCMAS NETWORK

  3. DCMAS network members (2/2) • International Trade Centre (ITC) www.intracen.org • Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU (ITU-T) www.itu.int • International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) www.oiml.org • United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) www.unido.org • United Nations European Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) - Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies (W.P.6) www.unece.org DCMAS NETWORK

  4. Terms of reference • Exchange information and experience • Provide a means of pooling expertise • Work with, and support the objectives of, global organizations, such as the WTO as well as the UN system • Liaise with international and local agencies to introduce MAS programs in developing countries • Provide information, speakers and training material for seminars and events DCMAS NETWORK

  5. Technical infrastructure To achieve sustainable development and to participate in International trade, countries need the following infrastructure • Metrology – to ensure traceability of measurements and calibration of measuring instruments • International documentary standards – national position, international promotion, national implementation • Conformity assessment – to assess goods and services to mandatory and voluntary requirements • Accreditation & peer assessment – ensure that claims of conformity are credible and internationally recognized • Training and Capacity Building on testing in developing countries Active participation in metrology, standardization and accreditation organizations is an essential element of capacity development. DCMAS NETWORK

  6. Scientific and industrial metrology • National Metrology Institutes disseminate the International system of units (SI) by developing and maintaining national measurement standards appropriate to national needs. • Calibration against these national measurement standards provide the basis for • calibration services by accredited laboratories ; • trade metrology ; • conformity assessment. DCMAS NETWORK

  7. The Metre Convention • Inter-governmental treaty (1875). • 54 Member States, 28 Associates. • Works on matters of world metrology, especially the demand for measurement standards of ever increasing accuracy, range and diversity, and the need to demonstrate equivalence of national measurement standards and acceptance of calibration and measurement capabilities of National Metrology Institutes. • Provides international infrastructure for Members to develop measurement standards at whatever level is needed, facilitating their international recognition and acceptance. • It is therefore relevant to countries at all stages of technical development. • Created two operating bodies • International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) ; • International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). DCMAS NETWORK

  8. Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) • Made up of eighteen individuals, each from a different Member State under the Metre Convention. • Its principal task is to promote world-wide uniformity in units of measurement. • Meets annually at the BIPM. • Other duties of the CIPM include the responsibility to • supervise the work of the BIPM under the delegated authority of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM); • issue an Annual Report on the administrative and financial position of the BIPM to the governments of the Member States of the Metre Convention; • discuss metrological work that Member States decide to do in common, and set up and coordinate activities between specialists in metrology. • Members of the CIPM act as Presidents of the Consultative Committees created by the CIPM. DCMAS NETWORK

  9. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) • Headquarters in Sèvres near Paris, France. • Financed jointly by the Member States and Associates. • Its mandate is to provide the basis for a single, coherent system of measurement throughout the world, traceable to the International System of Units (SI). • Coordinates the work of the 10 Consultative Committees created by the CIPM. • It has an international staff of over 70. • Provides formal liaison on matters within its scope to relevant International organizations and bodies DCMAS NETWORK

  10. CIPM Mutual Recognition Agreement (1999) • International recognition and acceptance of national measurement standards, calibration and measurement certificates. • Participation of over 200 metrology institutes from 75 countries and 3 international organizations. • Basis for wider agreements on international trade and regulatory affairs. • MRA + national traceability system gives evidence of equivalence of measurements. • Economic analysis by KPMG estimated impact on reducing TBTs of >4 billion USD (2002). • MRA underpins international recognition of measurements made by accredited testing and calibration laboratories, leading to ILAC-CIPM MoU (2001). DCMAS NETWORK

  11. International Organisation of Legal Metrology (OIML) • Inter-governmental treaty organisation (1955) • 57 Member States, 58 Corresponding Members • Technical work carried out by 63 technical committees coordinated by the International Committee of Legal Metrology (CIML) and the Organisation’s secretariat, the International Bureau of Legal Metrology (BIML) • Produces International Recommendations – model technical regulations, and a model law on metrology • An international system for prepackaged goods is under development • Facilitator on Developing County Matters coordinates practical actions for developing countries DCMAS NETWORK

  12. OIML Certificate System and Mutual Acceptance Arrangement (MAA) • Certificate System operating since 1991 • Avoids duplication of testing of measuring instruments • 2200 certificates covering 47 instrument categories • MAA approved in 2003 : voluntary framework for acceptance and use of type approval test reports • Separate Declaration of Mutual Confidence (DoMC) for each instrument category • Current DoMCs cover non-automatic weighing instruments(R 76), load cells (R 60) and water meters (R 49) • DoMC on automatic catchweighers (R 51) launched in 2009 and work is ongoing on one for fuel dispensers (R 117/R 118) • The acceptance of manufacturers’ test results in the context of the MAA is under discussion DCMAS NETWORK

  13. International documentary standards • Voluntary international standards are important in sustainable development through the promotion of safety, quality and technical compatibility • International standardization organizations in DCMAS network: • IEC – Electrotechnical standards and conformity assessment • ITU-T – Information and communication technologies • ISO – Nearly all other technical fields, service sectors, management systems and conformity assessment • International standards: • Assist in operation of domestic markets • Increase competitiveness • Excellent source of technology transfer • Consumer and environmental protection role DCMAS NETWORK

  14. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) • The IEC publishes International Standards and handles three Conformity Assessment Systems (IECEE, IECEx and IECQ) for the millions of devices that use or produce electricity in any form. Together they enable global trade and stimulate technology transfer. • Over 10 000 experts in 174 Technical Committees with over 1 000 Working Groups • Over 6 000 International Standards in catalogue today • Over 300 000 Conformity Assessment certificates established • 162 countries (81 Members and 81 Affiliates) DCMAS NETWORK

  15. Three IEC conformity assessment systems IECEE IECEx IECQ System of Conformity Assessment Schemes for Electrotechnical Equipment and Components System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components DCMAS NETWORK

  16. IEC’s Global Reach • Since 2001 IEC has opened three regional centres • IEC Regional Centre for North America (IEC-ReCNA) near Boston /USA • IEC Asia-Pacific Regional Centre (IEC APRC) in Singapore • IEC Latin America Regional Centre (IEC-LARC) in Sao Paulo/Brazil • More in coming years. • IECEx System operated from Sydney, Australia. DCMAS NETWORK

  17. IEC Affiliate Country Programme • Free programme for developing and industrializing countries : no fees, not a form of membership (no voting right) • 200 free copies of IEC International Standards for national adoption • 400 for Affiliate Plus countries • Participation in 10 technical fields : TC/SC • Guidance on IEC conformity assessment systems • Guidelines to establish national electrotechnical committees • Affiliate Leader : voice of ALL Affiliate Countries within the IEC (Carlos Rodríguez/Costa Rica) • Affiliate Coordinator for Africa : Evah Oduor/Kenya • Affiliate Secretary at IEC Central Office, Switzerland DCMAS NETWORK

  18. Developing countries in ISO Subscriber members 11 Developingcountries 100% Member bodies 106 Correspondent members 46 Developing countries 66% Developing countries 96% Developed countries 34% Developed countries 4% At 3 June 2010 DCMAS NETWORK

  19. Objectives • Improving awareness • Developing capacity • Increasing regional cooperation • Developing electronic communications • Increasing participation DCMAS NETWORK

  20. Implementation of Action Plan 2005-2010 • Over 250 activities carried from 2005 to 2009 covering Action Plan objectives • More than 12’000 NSB staff and stakeholders from ISO developing country members participated • Funding increased from 575’000 CHF (2005) to 2’260’000 CHF (2009), almost four-fold • 6 million CHF spent on the Action Plan from 2005 to 2009 DCMAS NETWORK

  21. Handbooks and guidance documents in support • Fast Forward - National Standards Bodies in Developing Countries (2008) (ISO/UNIDO) (Spanish version to be printed in a few months with support from COPANT) • Standards work on the web – The ISO solutions(published early 2009) • Building Trust – The Conformity assessment toolbox Joint ISO/UNIDO handbook (English version PDF on ISO website; hard copies in English and French will be available end February 2010) DCMAS NETWORK

  22. Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU (ITU-T) • Only United Nations agency dealing with ICT standards in a public-private in an open, transparent, flexible and global consensus based forum • Outreach to 191 countries • Free available worldwide Recommendations (standards) on ICTs • Worldwide experts meeting in Study Groups • Regional Offices • Events where experts from industry, governments, regulators, service providers meet to create global standards Excellent meeting facilities, convenient location • Fast working methods to quick reply to the market needs DCMAS NETWORK

  23. Trade-related challenges for developing countries • Developing countries need access to standardization infrastructures to engage in the global trading system • Increasing globalization of markets means international standards (as opposed to regional or national standards) are needed to ensure • a level playing field for exports • that imports meet internationally recognized levels of performance and safety DCMAS NETWORK

  24. Categories of standards Standards can be broadly sub-divided into three categories • Product standards characteristics (quality, safety, etc.) that goods should possess • Process standards conditions under which products and services are to be produced, packaged or refined • Management system standards assist organizations to manage their operations. Help create framework to allow the organization to consistently achieve requirements set out in product and process standards DCMAS NETWORK

  25. International Standards and the WTO • The TBT Agreement encourages use of international standards • Members must reference international standards in regulations • Encourages members “wherever possible” to • develop mutual recognition agreements • harmonize conformity assessment procedures • accept the conformity assessment procedures of other members DCMAS NETWORK

  26. TBT Agreement - 5th Triennial Review 2009 (1/2) • Importance of basing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures on relevant international standards, guides and recommendations in line with Article 2.4 and 5.4 of the TBT Agreement • Importance of developing country Members’ participation in the development of relevant international standards. • Importance of transparency in the standards development process at the national, regional and international level. Creating awareness among all interested parties - including SMEs - of being involved in the standardizing activities is seen as key. DCMAS NETWORK

  27. TBT Agreement - 5th Triennial Review 2009 (2/2) • In spite of advances made in increasing meaningful participation by developing country members in standardizing activities in areas of interest to them, challenges remain, both financially and technically, for many developing countries • Members, Observer organizations and relevant bodies involved in the development of standards are encouraged to exchange information on initiatives implemented, successes achieved and obstacles encountered DCMAS NETWORK

  28. Conformity assessment Conformity assessment procedures (testing, inspection and certification) offer assurance that products fulfill requirements specified in regulations and standards. They may • apply to a product, a service or a management system • be 'first party' (supplier's declaration of conformity (SDoC)) • be 'third-party' (by a government or private company) Conformity assessment plays a critical role in sustainable development and trade and developing countries must decide • what types of conformity assessment are needed and for what purposes • whether conformity assessment is mandatory (regulations in specific sectors), or whether to rely on market determined conformity assessment requirements based on a risk assessment for a particular product or process, and on an understanding of the impact the associated costs and benefits will have on achieving sustainable development DCMAS NETWORK

  29. If conformity assessment requirements differ • Products may need duplicate or different testing, or multiple inspections • Products may be denied market access if • testing procedures or results are not recognized • tests were performed by someone who is not in a peer assessment scheme or who is not accredited • Calibration certificates for instruments used for conformity assessment measurements are not internationally accepted • Additional certification will increase costs for exporters • Barriers to trade may occur, effectively keeping some producers out of certain markets A 1996 OECD study showed that the cost of standards, technical regulations, testing and compliance certification, is between 2 % and 10 % of overall production costs DCMAS NETWORK

  30. Accreditation “third-party attestation related to a conformity assessment body conveying formal demonstration of its competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks” (ISO/IEC 17000) • Helps provide the necessary confidence among users of conformity assessment services (business and government) • Facilitates the growth of mutually recognized conformity assessment services throughout the world • Helps provide assurance that suppliers of tests and certificates are competent • Helps in overcoming trade barriers and in complying with the requirements of the WTO TBT Agreement DCMAS NETWORK

  31. International Accreditation Forum (IAF) • The International Accreditation Forum (IAF) is a global association of • Accreditation Bodies • Certification/Inspection Body Associations • Industry associations • Other stakeholder organizations and scheme owners involved in conformity assessment activities in a variety of fields including management systems, inspection, products, services and personnel DCMAS NETWORK

  32. IAF Multilateral mutual recognition arrangements • To facilitate world trade The International Accreditation Forum (IAF) manages multilateral mutual recognition schemes in the areas of Quality Management Systems, Environmental Management Systems and Product certification • The MLA Program is based on the peer assessment concept and helps in establishing the equivalence of conformity certificates issued DCMAS NETWORK

  33. IAF MLA Signatories • As at October 2009 the number of IAF MLA signatories are • QMS MLA Program – 41 Accreditation Bodies • EMS MLA Program – 37 Accreditation Bodies • Product certification – 33 Accreditation Bodies • Details can be found on IAF website www.iaf.nu DCMAS NETWORK

  34. International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation (ILAC) • Established in 1977 to promote communication among laboratory accreditation bodies around the world • Formalized as a cooperation in 1996 with 44 bodies signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) • On 2 November 2000, a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (ILAC Arrangement) was signed, among those members which had successfully completed a peer evaluation • ILAC was incorporated in the Netherlands on 20 January 2003. • As of 2 February 2010, there were 65 Signatories (Full Member Accreditation Bodies) to the ILAC Arrangement, representing 52 economies. • Approx. 34,000 laboratories & 6,000 inspection bodies have been accredited by the 87 ILAC Full Members and Associates. DCMAS NETWORK

  35. ILAC’s Global Role Principal international forum for • Recognition of competent test and calibration labs world-wide through its (Mutual Recognition) Arrangement • Development and appropriate harmonization of laboratory accreditation practice across the globe • Promotion of laboratory accreditation as an effective mechanism for providing confidence in measurement results, which is essential for global (a) trade facilitation (b) socio-economic issues • Assisting with the development of laboratory accreditation systems DCMAS NETWORK

  36. Role of ILAC & IAF in DCMAS network • Works with other partners to provide holistic support to developing countries in metrology, accreditation and standards development. • Focuses on the development of infrastructure in developing countries for the accreditation of laboratories (ILAC) and certification bodies (IAF). • This activity is channeled through the Joint ILAC/IAF Development Support Committee (JDSC) which has close links with UNIDO and other funding agencies. DCMAS NETWORK

  37. Where Can I Get More Information about ILAC? • ILAC also publishes a range of literature on topics covering accreditation, testing, trade facilitation and related subjects. • Its internet site at www.ilac.org can provide a range of information on laboratory accreditation, as well as the location of its members world-wide. • ILAC produces a newsletter called ILAC News twice each year and this is available on the ILAC website. • For more information contact The ILAC Secretariat - PO Box 7507 Silverwater NSW 2128 -Australia Fax +61 2 9736 8373 Email: ilac@nata.com.au DCMAS NETWORK

  38. Importance of accreditation for developing countries "…verified compliance, for instance through accreditation, with relevant guides or recommendations issued by international standardizing bodies shall be taken into account as an indication of adequate technical competence." Section 6.1.1 of the TBT Agreement • i.e. use of an accreditation system reduces the possibility of goods being denied access on the basis of inadequate conformity assessment For developing countries • Lack of access to accreditation programmes prevents full integration into the world trading system • The absence of an accreditation service is recognized as a development priority • Developing an accreditation infrastructure is daunting if a government does not have the knowledge, experience or financial resources • Systems have been successfully developed for some accreditation bodies in the Asia-Pacific, African, Eurasian and American regions DCMAS NETWORK

  39. The integrated approach to development assistance • Holistic consideration of a country's needs • Plan of action is then agreed • Assistance coordinated and synergies between parts of the technical infrastructure established, which strengthen the technical infrastructure, enabling it to contribute to the country's sustainable development and trade potential • Each part of the technical infrastructure is interdependent • Metrology and physical standards are basis for accurate measurements • international documentary standards state their accepted performance • these then are the basis for conformity assessment activities • these activities can then be accredited, peer assessed or both DCMAS NETWORK

  40. However ... • The cost of providing all of these activities at their most advanced level is prohibitive • Even in developed countries the sophistication varies between parts of the technical infrastructure • Parts of the infrastructure are often jointly owned or shared between one or more countries, or services of another country are relied upon For sustainable development and trade purposes it is important • to ensure that societies and industries in developing countries have a technical infrastructure that reflects their needs • to effectively participate in global trading activities, including participating in international organisations' work DCMAS NETWORK

  41. DCMAS network recommendations To provide for a composite approach to developing technical infrastructures, the DCMAS network recommends that assistance be based on • thorough needs assessment of the economy (including domestic, societal or import sectors, and trade and export sectors) • understanding that there is no ready-made model for technical infrastructures (components, sophistication, delivery). Developing countries must decide on this and give ongoing political commitment • careful consideration of the needs and assistance to ensure new technical infrastructures are sustainable and planned • identifying the resources needed to sustain the infrastructure • remembering that bi-lateral or regional options may give better economies of scale (but must take account of historical, political and cultural sensitivities) DCMAS NETWORK

  42. International Trade Centre (ITC) • Joint Agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations • Goal is to help developing and transition countries achieve sustainable human development through exports • Partners with trade support institutions to deliver sustainable and inclusive capacity building services to achieve « Export Impact for Good » • Has five core business practices: business and trade policy, export strategy, strengthening trade support institutions, trade intelligence and exporter competitiveness • Connects opportunities to markets DCMAS NETWORK

  43. Export Quality Management • Goal Improve competitiveness of enterprises in developing and transition countries by enhancing their capacity to meet technical requirements in export markets and to overcome technical barriers to trade • Modality of delivery Capacity building through a series of training programmes Advisory services to enterprises, conformity assessment bodies and policy makers DCMAS NETWORK

  44. Activities in the area of Export Quality Management • Develop capability to obtain and disseminate information on technical requirements in importing countries • Assistance to enterprises to meet standards, technical regulations and SPS measures • Assistance to conformity assessment bodies to enable their recognition • Review of quality infrastructure, including SPS infrastructure, to identify gaps and prepare road map for improvement DCMAS NETWORK

  45. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) • The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, whose mandate is • to promote and accelerate sustainable industrial development in developing countries and economies in transition ; • to work towards improving living conditions in the world’s poorest countries by drawing on its combined global resources and expertise. • In recent years, UNIDO has assumed an enhanced role in the global development agenda by focusing its activities on three thematic priorities 1) POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES 2) TRACE CAPACITY BUILDING 3) ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT DCMAS NETWORK

  46. UNIDOs Medium Term Framework DCMAS NETWORK

  47. United Nations European Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) • UNECE is one of the 5 Regional Commissions of the United Nations • Its membership includes Europe, North America, South-East Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia • UNECE voluntary standards and normative tools are truly global DCMAS NETWORK

  48. UNECE Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies (WP.6) (1/3) What we are • Intergovernmental body • Participation by: authorities, regional & int’l organizations, business, standards-setting bodies, certification bodies, test houses, civil society • 1970 – 2010 : 40 years Our mandate • Forum for dialogue on :  Standardization  Technical regulations  Conformity assessment  Accreditation  Metrology  Market surveillance DCMAS NETWORK

  49. UNECE WP. 6 (2/3) Our activities • Share info & best practice • Capacity-building • Develop and maintain a set of recommendations • Implement a set of initiatives on specific industrial sectors Market surveillance • Raising awareness of role of market surveillance • Best practice & use of risk management tools • Common terminology • Technical assistance (cooperation with UNIDO) DCMAS NETWORK

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