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Understanding Medical Terminology in Internal Medicine

Learn word roots, derived terms, and relevant body parts for effective communication in medical practice. Enhance history-taking skills and medical record usage in internal medicine. Discover Greek and Latin origins of medical terms.

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Understanding Medical Terminology in Internal Medicine

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  1. English for MedicineGetting Professional: Knowing Body (Internal Medicine) 李智雄 高雄醫學大學附設醫院 一般醫學內科，心臟內科 Email: lcsphk@ms18.hinet.net Tel: 3121101 ext 7738

  2. Outline • Understand commonly used word roots in organ / system • Derived medical terms in Internal Medicine • Appropriate terms used in history taking and medical record

  3. 你看的出這串數字代表甚麼嗎？ 0088673121101 302017132419

  4. 你看的出這串數字代表甚麼嗎？ 00-886-7-3121101 760225@kmu.edu.tw

  5. 你知道最長的英文單字是甚麼字嗎? Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginyl...isoleucine（共189,819個字） 簡稱 Titin

  6. 你知道下列英文單字是甚麼意思嗎? • Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis • 一種由吸入矽塵所造成的肺病 • 45 個字母，pneumo- 表示「肺」，ultra- 「超」， • micro- 「微」，microscopic 「微觀」，silico- 表示「矽」， • ， volcano 「火山」，coni- 「塵」，–osis為表示疾病的字尾 • 1936 年首次被Oxford English Dictionary收錄。

  7. “鹿茸”是甚麼? 教育部國語辭典: 鹿: 動物名。哺乳綱偶啼目鹿科。體型細長，腿長，褐色毛，性溫順，雄者有角…… 茸: 草木初生時的嫩苗。鳥獸細柔的毛。鹿茸的簡稱，因初生的鹿被有細短的毛， 所以稱為「鹿茸」。

  8. Medical Terms • Derived from Greek or Latin • Word parts • Stem • Prefix (location, time, amount, color, negation, size, position) • Suffix • Combining vowel • a, e, i, o, u, • Therm-o-meter

  9. Parts of the Body 1. Jaw (mandible) 2. Neck 3. Shoulder 4. Armpit (axilla) 5. Upper arm 6. Elbow 7. Back 8. Buttock 9. Wrist 10. Thigh 11. Calf 12. Leg 13. Chest (thorax) 14. Breast 15. Stomach, tummy (abdomen) 16. Navel (umbilicus) 17. Hip 18. Groin (inguinal) 19. Knee (Patella=knee cap) 20. Shin

  10. Thorax ( Chest ) Sternocostal • Sternum • Suprasternal • Substernal • Retrosternal • Parasternal • Clavicle • Subclavian • Supraclavicular • Rib (costal) • Intercostal • Subcostal • Axilla • Mid-axillary • Anterior axillary Belly button

  11. Abdomen • Stomach (gastro) • Ancient Greek gastros • Epigastrium Hypochondrium Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant • Umbilicus • Periumbilical Belly button Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant • Pubic • Suprapubic Hypogastrium

  12. Describe Symptoms Referring to Body Parts • I’m having trouble with my (hip) (shoulder) (knee) • Do you get any pain in your (chest) (back) (stomach) ? Back pain: It starts in the back. Then it seems to go into the right buttock and down the back of the right thigh to the knee Angina pectoris: It’s like a tightness across my chest, and it goes up into my jaw, and into my left shoulder and down to the left arm Renal colic: It starts in the loin and goes into the groin and down into the testicle

  13. Fill in the blanks: • Inguinal swelling • I’ve got a lump in the _____________ • Abdominal pain • My little boy has got a __________ ache • Periumbilical rash • I’ve got some spots around my ____________ • Thoracic pain • I’ve got a pain in the middle of the ___________ • Enlarged axillary node • There is a painful swelling in my _____________ • Mandibular pain • I’ve got a pain in my __________________

  14. Respiratory System Broncho • Nose • Rhino • Naso Tracheo Laryngo Pleuro • Lung • Pulmono • Pneumo Mediastinum

  15. Respiratory Physiology and Related Terms • Respiration (Latin – respiratio) • Inspiration • Expiration • Ventilation • Oxygenation • Respirator • Ventilator • Oxygenator

  16. Cardiovascular System • Heart (Greek - Kardia) • Cardio • Blood vessel • Vascular (vasculo) • Vaso • Angio • Aorto • Artery (arterio) • Vein (veno, phlebo) • Capillary

  17. Cardiac Anatomy and Derived Terms • Coronary artery • Coronary vein Miter • Interatrial • Intraatrial • Atrioventricular valve • Bicuspid • Quadricuspid • Interventricular • Intraventricular • Endocardium • Myocardium • Epicardium • Pericardium • Intracardiac • Extracardiac

  18. Blood Vessels • Blood Vessel • Vasculo • Vaso • Angio • Vein • Veno • Phlebo Arterio

  19. Cardiac Physiology and Related Terms • Systole • Mid-systolic • Late-systolic • Holosystolic (pansystolic) • Diastole • Mid-diastolic • Early diastolic • Rhythm • Dysrhythmia • Arrhythmia • Cardiac output • Stroke volume • Blood vessel • Vasoconstriction • Vasodilatation • Vasospasm Dys: From Ancient Greekδυσ-(dus-) expressing the idea of difficulty, or bad status

  20. Abdomen Hepato Gastro Biliary Pancreatico Jejunum Ileum Cholecyst Entero Peritoneum

  21. Kidney and Urinary System • Kidney • Renal • Nephro • Urinary bladder • Cysto

  22. - thorax Hemothorax Pyothorax Pneumothorax Hemopneumothorax Thorax - Disease

  23. Abdomen - Disease • Hemoperitoneum • Pneumoperitoneum

  24. Inflammation of pleura Pleuritis Inflammation of lung Pneumonitis (pneumonia) Inflammation of bronchus Bronchitis Inflammation of larynx Laryngitis Inflammation of Trachea Tracheitis Inflammation of bronchiole Bronchiolitis Inflammation of nose Rhinitis Inflammation of pericardium Pericarditis Inflammation of endocardium Endocarditis Inflammation of myocardium Myocarditis Inflammation of artery Arteritis Inflammation of blood vessel Vasculitis Inflammation of vein Phlebitis Inflammation of aorta Aortitis Inflammation - itis

  25. Inflammation of stomach Gastritis Inflammation of liver Hepatitis Inflammation of pancreas Pancreatitis Inflammation of intestine Enteritis Inflammation of gallbladder Cholecystitis Inflammation of colon Colitis Inflammation of stomach and intestine gastroenteritis Inflammation of peritoneum Peritonitis Inflammation of bile duct Cholangitis Inflammation of appendix Appendicitis Inflammation of kidney Nephritis Inflammation of bladder Cystitis Inflammation of prostate Prostatitis Inflammation of urethra Urethritis Inflammation - itis

  26. Electrocardiography Echocardiography Aortogram Ventriculogram Arteriography Venography Angioscopy Bronchoscopy Bronchogram Laryngoscope Thoracoscope Mediastinoscopy Esophagogram Gastroduodenoscopy Colonoscopy Diagnostic Tools / Procedures

  27. Pericardium Pericardiocentesis Pericardiotomy Pericardiostomy Pericardiectomy Ventriculotomy Angioplasty Arteriotomy Vein Venipuncture Phlebotomy Thoraco – Thoracotomy Thoracoscopy Thoracocentesis Thoracostomy Sternum Sternotomy Trachea Tracheostomy Pleural Pleurodesis Pleurocentesis Lung Pneumonectomy Treatment Procedures

  28. Appendix Appendectomy Intestine Enterostomy Jejunostomy Ileostomy pancreaticojejunostomy Kidney (Nephro) Nephrostomy Nephrectomy Prostate Prostatectomy Stomach (Gastro) Gastrostomy Gastrectomy Colon Colostomy Colectomy Gallbladder Cholecystectomy Cholecystostomy Liver (Hepa) Hepatectomy Treatment Procedures

  29. Location Intracardiac, extracardiac Endocarditis, pericarditis Endotracheal, endobrochial Retrocardiac, parasternal Interventricular, interatrial Subaortic, suprasternal Postnasal, hypopharyngeal Negation Acyanotic, apnea Antitachycardia, antiarrhythmic Amount or comparison Uni, bi, tri, quadri Multivessel, polymorphic Hemiplegia, semicoma Hypotension, hypovolemia Hyperventilation Tachycardia, bradycardia Oligouria mononuclear Time Preoperative, postoperative Prefixes (I)

  30. Color Cyano Size and position Microcardia, macro Mega Antero, latero, anterolateral Dextro (right), levo (left), medio Others Dyspnea Nocturia Malnutrition Pancarditis Hydro, pyo Prefixes (II)

  31. Suffixes (I) • -itis (inflammation) • Arteritis, vasculitis, endocarditis, pleuritis • -oma (tumor) • Myxoma, rhabdomyoma, hematoma • -osis (morbid condition) • Hydronephrosis, osteoporosis, amyloidosis • -pathy (disease) • Cardiomyopathy, coagulopathy • -rrhea (discharge) • Rhinorrhea

  32. Diagnosis -ectasia, -ectasis -megaly -sclerosis -malacia Operative procedure -ectomy -scopy -stomy -tomy -desis -plasty -centesis Symptoms -algia -genic -lysis -rrhagia -rrhea -penia -spasm Suffixes (II)

  33. Thrombophlebitis Phlebotomy Thrombectomy Thrombolysis Arteriosclerosis Cardiomegaly Hematoma Hemopericardium Pneumopericardium Laryngospasm Bronchopneumonia Bronchiectasis Epiglottitis Pneumomediastinum Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural fistula Tracheobronchoplasty Splenomegaly 拆拆看，猜猜看

  34. 拆拆看，猜猜看 • Nephropathy • Splenectomy • Hepatomegaly • Hydronephrosis • Osteomalacia • Nephrosclerosis • Pelviectasis • Myalgia • Epigastralgia • Menorrhagia • Osteopenia • Bronchogenic • Otorrhea • Bronchospasm

  35. Cardiology Pulmonology Cardiothoracic surgery Cardiovascular surgery Vascular surgery Gastroenterology Hepatology Nephrology Hematology Rheumatology Endocrinology Cardiologist Electrophysiologist Interventionist Pulmonologist Cardiothoracic surgeon Cardiovascular surgeon Vascular surgeon Nephrologist Gastroenterologist Hepatologist Endocrinologist Medical Professions and Specialties in Internal Medicine

  36. Symptoms and Signs • Symptoms: The problems which a patient reports to the doctor • Presenting symptom, presenting complaint, presentation • Pain • Nausea • Signs: What the doctor finds on examining the patient • High blood pressure • Rapid pulse rate

  37. Presentation • Mr. X was admitted complaining of chest pain • His presenting symptom was chest pain • He presented to his GP with chest pain • The usual presentation is chest pain

  38. “Present” • A 67 year-old man _________ with a 9-month history of increasing shortness of breath • The most common ________ is loss of consciousness • Cranial arteritis may ________ as fever without any obvious causes • The patient usually _______ with a severe sore throat • The ________ symptoms in this patient could perhaps be due to renal failure • Reduced growth is an important _______ complaint of coeliac disease • Two months following __________, the patient was able to walk

  39. Constitutional Symptoms • Tiredness, lethargy, fatigue, lassitude • Loss of energy • Malaise • General feeling of being unwell • Anorexia • Loss of appetite • Weight gain • Increase in weight • Weight loss • Decrease in weight • Constipation • Hard, infrequent faeces

  40. Commonly Encountered Symptoms in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems • Shortness of breath • Chest pain • Palpitation • Edema (oedema) • Cough

  41. How to Describe Breathing Abnormalities • Difficulty in breathing • Shortness of breath • Breathlessness • Dyspnea (dyspnoea) • Exertional dyspnea • Dyspnea on exertion (effort) • Orthopnea (orthopnoea) • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustration, volume 5 Heart

  42. Do you suffer from orthopnea or PND ? ????????

  43. Do you sleep well at night? How many pillows do you sleep on? I had to sleep on 3 pillows and always woke up at midnight because of shortness of breath

  44. Chest Discomfort • Chest pain • Chest tightness • Oppressive sensation • Feeling of squeezing • Exertion / rest • Location

  45. Palpitation • Awareness of abnormal heart beat • Heart rhythm • Regular • Irregular • Premature beats • Atrial fibrillation • Episodes of tachycardias

  46. Edema (oedema) • Swelling • Pitting • Peripheral • Ankle • Foot • Leg • Bilateral or unilateral

  47. Write the words a patient would use to describe the symptoms below • Dyspnea • Shortness of breath • Arrhythmia • Palpitation • Orthopnea • Sleep on 2 pillows • Oedema • Swelling

  48. Make word combinations using a word from each box at output atrial failure cardiac oedema heart fibrillation on beats pitting effort premature rest

  49. Two-word expressions • allergic • balanced • bedside • biological • bone • brain • clinical • digestive • general • general • heart • malignant • plastic • primary • surgical • anaesthetic • attack • clock • death • diet • intervention • manner • marrow • practitioner • reaction • surgery • system • tooth • trial • tumour

  50. Match each expression with the appropriate phrase • A condition in which the heart has a reduced blood supply because one of the arteries becomes blocked by a blood clot, causing myocardial ischaemiaand myocardial infarction • Heart attack • A substance given to make someone lose consciousness so that a major surgical operation can be carried out • General anesthetic • Soft tissue in cancellousbone • Bone marrow • The treatment of disease or other condition by surgery • Surgical intervention • Any one of the first twenty teeth which develop in children between about six months and two-and-a-half years of age, and are replaced by the permanent teeth at around the age of six • Primary tooth • Surgery to repair damaged or malformed parts of the body • Plastic surgery • A condition in which the nerves in the brain stem have died, and the person can be certified as dead, although the heart may not have stopped beating • Brain death • The way in which a doctor behaves towards a patient, especially a patient who is in bed • Bedside manner

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