A U R A Satellite Mission

1. A U R A Satellite Mission T E S http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/106949main_aura_sc_blkbg-lg.jpg

2. What is TES? • Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer • Measures simultaneous concentration of gasses in the atmosphere • Ozone • Carbon Monoxide • Water Vapor http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/images/home_WhatIsTESContent_th276.jpg

3. Orbit and Coverage • Sun Synchronous Orbit • 438 miles above earth’s surface • Inclination of 98.21 degrees • Nadir Pointing and Limb Pointing http://www.heavens-above.com/orbitdisplay.asp?lat=0&lng=0&alt=0&loc=Unspecified&TZ=CET&satid=28376

4. TES Measurements • Measure infrared radiances • Surface Temperature • Vertically resolved measure of atmospheric gasses • Ozone • Carbon Monoxide • Water Vapor • Nitric Acid • Special Observations • Air Pollution

5. TES Functionality • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) • Infrared emissions from gasses • Everything above absolute zero emits infrared energy at a certain wavelength • Makes a scan every 4 or 16 seconds • Spectral Resolution of 0.1cm-1 to .025cm-1 • Used to pinpoint wavelengths • Infrared absorption lines • Determines altitude of substance in atmosphere

6. TES Functionality http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/uploadedfiles/instrument_geometries.gif

7. TES Data http://www.nasa.gov/centers/jpl/images/content/159454main_tes-20060925-browse.jpg

8. Special Observations • Scheduled only during 9 or 10 orbit gaps • Conducted in 3 modes • Stare • Transect • Step-&-Stare • Depends on requirements

9. 3 Special Observation Modes • Stare • Volcano monitoring • Biomass Burning • Industrial Accidents • Nadir Mode • Points to a target region of interest • Up to 4 minutes • Has to be in ±45 degrees in nadir direction

10. 3 Special Observation Modes http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/visualization/SCIENCE_PLOTS/R11/PNG_Files/run10269/run_10269_curtain_ret_O3.png

11. 3 Special Observation Modes • Transect • Regional Pollution studies • Nadir Mode • Point at a set of contiguous areas • Covers up to 850 km http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/images/transect_mode.gif

12. 3 Special Observation Modes • Step-&-Stare • Nadir mode • Points in nadir for 4 seconds • Moves 39 km in orbit • Point again, move 35 km

13. Step-&-Stare http://www.sjaa.net/eph/0812/tes_o3-co-transects.jpg

14. Applications of TES • Determine atmospheric temperature and humidity profile • Local Surface Temperature • Local Surface reflectance and admittance

15. Calibration • Sensitivity • Changes from time to time • Use average kernel for calibration • Degrees of Freedom

16. A U R A Satellite Mission O M I

17. What is OMI? • Ozone Monitoring Instrument http://www.dutchspace.nl/uploadedImages/Products_and_Services/Instruments/OMI/OMI_OPTICAL_BENCH_DM.JPG

18. OMI Parameters

19. OMI Heritage • OMI ESA Predecessors • GOME • SCIAMACHY • Introduced concept of measuring in full spectrum UV/VIS/near-IR wavelength with high spectral resolution • Allows retrieval of several trace gasses from same measurement http://envisat.esa.int/instruments/tour-index/hardware_img/x_Fmint01.jpg http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/doas/images/gome2/gome-2_instrument.png

20. OMI Heritage • American predecessor of OMI • NASA’s TOMS • Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer • Used only 8 wavelength bands • Obtained ozone column • Had very small ground pixel size • 50 km x 50 km • Combo with daily global coverage http://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GLI2/adeos/Project/Toms.html

21. OMI Advantage • Combines advantages of GOME SCIAMACHY and TOMS • Measures complete spectrum of UV/VIS/IR wavelengths • Range of high resolution • 13 km x 24 km and daily global coverage

22. OMI Functionality • Nadir viewing imagery spectrometer • Uses hyperspectral viewing • Push broom like mode • Observes solar backscatter from atmosphere and surface • Uses wavelengths 270-500nm • 114 degree viewing angle • Allows 2600 km swath (Global Coverage) • Daily Global Average

23. OMI Functionality • Global mode • Pixel size of 13 km x 24 km • Zoom Mode • Spatial resolution reduced • 13 km x 12 km • Enables OMI to look between clouds • Good for receiving tropospheric information • Does not allow for global coverage

24. OMI Data Products http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcanoes/region08/ivm_arc/anatahan/3004ana1.jpg

25. OMI Data Products http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/

26. OMI Data Products www.knmi.nl/~veefkind/images.html

27. References • NASA, . (2009). Ozone monitoring instrument. Retrieved from NASA,. (2009). Omi: ozone monitoring instrument. Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aura/spacecraft/omi.html • KNMI, . (2008, December 16). Omi instrument summary. Retrieved from http://www.knmi.nl/omi/research/instrument/index.php • Jet Propulsion Laboratory, . (2009). Tropospheric emission spectrometer: orbit and coverage. Retrieved from http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/instrument/orbitcoverage/ • Jet Propulsion Laboratory, . (2009). Tropospheric emission spectrometer: orbit and coverage. Retrieved from http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/instrument/specialobservations/ • NASA, . (2009). What is Tes?. Retrieved from http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/whatistes/ • NASA, . (2009). Nasa instruments. Retrieved from http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/instruments/tes.html • NASA, (2009) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer. Ozone Processing Team. Retreivedfrom http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/