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Evolution of the Human Lineage

Explore the evolution of the human lineage, from the common primate ancestor to the emergence of Homo sapiens sapiens. Learn about key species and milestones in our evolutionary journey.

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Evolution of the Human Lineage

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  1. Evolution • The Human Lineage

  2. This is a common image:

  3. This is a common image: THIS IS TOTAL JUNK.

  4. This is a far better one:

  5. For a long time, people classified apes like this: • The great apes were placed in a group together, with humans separated.

  6. Genetic evidence shows this image instead: • Humans are more closely related to chimps and gorillas than either are to orangutans.

  7. Humans did NOT “evolve from monkeys”. • Humans evolved with monkeys, from a common primate ancestor. • The common ancestor of a chimpanzee and a human did not look like a chimpanzee. • In fact, it probably looked more like a human.

  8. Ardipithecus ramidus Africa 4.4 Million years ago First bipedal ape Close to the LCA of chimps and humans.

  9. Australopithecus afarensis

  10. A. afarensis • 3.6 mya • Chimp-sized brain • Completely bipedal

  11. Comparison of Teeth

  12. Australopithecus africanus • The Taung Child • Mrs. Ples (Adult)

  13. Robust Australopithecines 2.7 mya A. robustus A. boisei A. aethiopicus

  14. Homo habilis • First species that we know, for sure, was using stone tools. • It is most likely, however, that tool use is an ancestral primate trait.

  15. Oldowan tools 2.3 mya

  16. Homo erectus • 1.8 mya • First bipedal ape (hominin) to leave Africa. • Much debate over whether H. erectus is one species, or should be split up into several.

  17. Regional Variants • H. ergaster (Africa) • H. erectus (Asia) • H. georgicus (Dmanisi) • H. antecessor (Europe)

  18. H. erectus • Coincides with the first archaeological evidence of controlled fire. • Fire = cooked food = easier to process nutrients = larger = less need for big, sharp teeth.

  19. Acheulean Tools

  20. Homo heidelbergensis • 1.3 mya - 200 000 years ago. • Widespread across Africa, Asia & Europe.

  21. Homo neanderthalensis 300 000 years ago - 30 000 years ago. Europe Neanderthal on the left. Modern human on the right.

  22. H. neanderthalensis • Possibly a sub species of H. sapiens. • In which case, they would be classified as H. sapiens neanderthalensis, and modern humans would be H. sapiens sapiens.

  23. Neanderthal Burials

  24. Homo floresiensis • Survived until 35 000 years ago • Endemic island dwarfism • TINY brain, but associated with fire and stone tools. • Dwarf elephants, Komodo dragons, giant rats.

  25. H. floresiensis

  26. Modern Homo sapiens sapiens • 100 000 years ago • Africa

  27. Migration • Two dominant hypotheses: • The Multiregional Hypothesis • The Recent African Origin or Replacement hypothesis.

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