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Is West Nile Virus becoming World Wide Epidemic?

Explore the history, transmission, and impact of West Nile Virus globally. Learn about symptoms, prevention, and treatment options available. Stay informed to protect yourself and your community.

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Is West Nile Virus becoming World Wide Epidemic?

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  1. Is West Nile Virus becoming World Wide Epidemic? Stephen Pereira PH.D CandidateWalden UniversityPUBH 6165-1 Environmental HealthDr. Saran Tucker-WilkinsSummer 2013

  2. Stakeholders • City and County Government • State Government • Federal Government • Contractors • Medical Personnel • Private Firms • Public and Private Schools • Colleges and Universities Resource Articles.(2013). Stakeholder Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1381/Stakeholder-Strategy-101.aspx

  3. Overview • What is West Nile Virus? • How is the disease transmitted? • Are human and animals at risk to get the disease? • What are the health disparities that people face from exposure to this disease? Health New York Times.(2013).Health Guide. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/west-nile-virus Word Press.(2012).West Nile Outbreak in the US. Retrieved from http://emedtravel.wordpress.com/2012/08/23/west-nile-virus-outbreak-in-the-us/

  4. History of West Nile Virus • When was it discovered? • Where was it discovered? • When was the first cases discovered in the United States (US)? • Where was the first cases discovered in the United States (US) • Reports on findings? University of Texas Medical Branch.(2011).Discovering Dengue Drugs Together Project. Retrieved from http://www.utmb.edu/discoveringdenguedrugs-together/Project%20Status.htm Health NY Times(2013).Health Guide. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/west-nile-virus

  5. West Nile Transmission Cycle Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Transmission Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html Wikipedia.(2013).West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

  6. Other routes of exposure from West Nile • Blood transfusions • Organ transplants • Exposure in a laboratory setting • From mother to baby Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Transmission Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html Women’s Web MD.com(2013).Slideshow Anemia Overview. Retrieved from http://women.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-anemia-overview

  7. West Nile Virus and the Human Body • How dose West Nile Virus effect the blood when a person has been effected? • How dose West Nile Virus effect the liver when a person has become infected? Good Health Hub.(2013).Blood Cells. Retrieved from http://goodhealthhub.com/blood-cells/ KATC News.(2010).West Nile Virus Spreads. Retrieved from http://www.katc.com/news/west-nile-virus-spreads/ National Institutes of Health.(2013).The New Genetics Chapter 3.Retrieved fromhttp://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter3.html

  8. Percentage Levels of Risk of Exposure • What happens to 70-80% of victims that are exposed to West Nile Virus? • What happens to 20-30% of victims that are exposed to West Nile Virus ? Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html CNN.com.(2012).Health West Nile Virus Articles. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/19/health/west-nile-virus Organic Liaison.com(2013). Articles Health. Retrieved from http://www.organicliaison.com/articles/Health/why-your-body-needs-vitamin-d

  9. Symptoms • Headache • High fever • Neck stiffness • Stupor • Disorientation • Coma • Tremors • Convulsions • Muscle weakness paralysis • Permanent neurological effects West Nile Prevention.com.(2013).West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.west-nile-virus-prevention.com/west-nile-virus-symptoms.html

  10. People who are at risk for the most severe cases of West Nile Virus • Geriatric patients • People with compromised immune systems • People that suffer from cancer • People that suffer from diabetes • People that suffer from hypertension • People that suffer from kidney disease • People who receive organ transplants Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2011). West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html Disease and conditions blogspot.com.(2011).as smile to sick person. Retrieved from http://diseaseandconditions.blogspot.com/2011/05/as-smile-to-sick-person.htm

  11. West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) Symptoms Treatment.org.(2012). West Nile Virus Symptoms in Adults. Retrieved from http://symptomstreatment.org/west-nile-virus-symptoms-in-adults/

  12. Diagnostic Testing • Laboratory tests of blood samples • Laboratory tests of spinal fluid. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html Dreamstime.com.(2013). Blood Test Image. Retrieved from http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-blood-test-image7943831

  13. Treatment for West Nile Virus • Are there any vaccines or antiviral treatment available? • Is there any over-the-counter medicines that are available? • How often are patients hospitalized from West Nile Virus exposure? Women’s Web MD.com(2013).Slideshow Anemia Overview. Retrieved from http://women.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-anemia-overview

  14. Protective Measures • Bug spray • Protective clothing • Dead birds • Outdoor home inspection American Down Under.com.(2011).Japan On Alert After Finding Dead Birds Retrieved from http://www.americandownunder.com /phantom/aann/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=46:japan-on- alert-after-finding-dead-birds&Itemid=58 CA gov.(2013). West Nile Virus Prevention. Retrieved from http://westnile.ca.gov/prevention.htm Commissary deals.(2012).Off Repellant Coupon.Retrieved from http://commissarydeals.com/off-repellant-coupons/ Fairfax County.(2013). West Nile Virus Eliminate. Retrieved from http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/hd/westnile/wnveliminate.htm

  15. Control Measures • Public health officials • Protective measures • Spraying pesticides • Alerting the media CNN.com.(2012).Health West Nile Virus Articles. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/19/health/west-nile-virus

  16. Average annual incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by age group,1999-2012 Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

  17. Average annual incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by age group,1999-2012 Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

  18. Average annual incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by age group,1999-2012 Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

  19. West Nile virus disease cases reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by week of illness onset, 1999-2012 Number of reported cases to the CDC Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html

  20. Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Monitoring of West Nile Virus Activity by State – United States, 2013 (as of July 9, 2013) Source: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Preliminary Maps Data. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/preliminaryMapsData/activitystatedate.html

  21. Additional Sources for Reading • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html • Environmental Protection Agency.(2013).Peticides facts sheets on West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/westnile.htm • Food and Drug Adminstration.(2009).New Events Testimony. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm115166.htm • National Institutes of Health.(2013).Medical Plus Encyclopedia Article. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007186.htm • United States Department of Agriculture.(2013).National Pest Alert West Nile Virus In North America. Retrieved from http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/pest/pdfs/west_nile_virus_alert.pdf

  22. West Nile Virus is considered a world wide epidemic. Evidence of becoming a world wide epidemic The importance of education and awareness. Local findings in the state of Texas Research and Development Closing Conclusion Global News. CA.(2013).University of British Columbia Scientists Develop West Nile Virus Vaccine for Birds. Retrieved from http://globalnews.ca/news/710862/ubc-scientists-develop-west-nile-virus-vaccine-for-birds/ West Nile.com.(2013). West Nile Virus Texas Researchers. Retrieved from http://www.westnile.com/health/diseases-conditions/west-nile-virus/texas-researchers-finds-possible-west-nile-cure

  23. Questions Questions Get Free Image.com .(2013).Businessman and Question Mark. Retrieved from http://www.getfreeimage.com/image/57/businessman-and-question-mark

  24. References References • Moeller, D.W .(2011). Environmental Health (4thed.).Cambridge, A: • Harvard University Press ISBN: 978-0674047402 • CA gov.(2013). West Nile Virus Prevention. Retrieved from http://westnile.ca.gov/prevention.htm • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Cumulative Maps Data Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/cumMapsData.html • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2012).West Nile Statistics Maps Preliminary Maps Data. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsMaps/preliminaryMapsData/activitystatedate.html • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html • Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2013).West Nile Transmission Index. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/transmission/index.html • CNN.com.(2012).Health West Nile Virus Articles. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/19/health/west-nile-virus • Disease and conditions blogspot.com.(2011).as smile to sick person. Retrieved from http ://diseaseandconditions.blogspot.com/2011/05/as-smile-to-sick-person.htm

  25. References • Dreamstime.com.(2013). Blood Test Image. Retrieved from http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-blood-test-image7943831 • Environmental Protection Agency.(2013).Peticides facts sheets on West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/westnile.htm • Fairfax County.(2013). West Nile Virus Eliminate. Retrieved from http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/hd/westnile/wnveliminate.htm • Food and Drug Adminstration.(2009).New Events Testimony. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm115166.htm • Get Free Image.com .(2013).Businessman and Question Mark. Retrieved from http://www.getfreeimage.com/image/57/businessman-and-question-mark • Global News. CA.(2013).University of British Columbia Scientists Develop West Nile Virus Vaccine for Birds. Retrieved from http://globalnews.ca/news/710862/ubc-scientists-develop-west-nile-virus-vaccine-for-birds/ • Good Health Hub.(2013).Blood Cells. Retrieved from http://goodhealthhub.com/blood-cells/ • Health New York Times.(2013).Health Guide. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/west-nile-virus • KATC News.(2010).West Nile Virus Spreads. Retrieved from http://www.katc.com/news/west-nile-virus-spreads/ • National Institutes of Health.(2013).Medical Plus Encyclopedia Article. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007186.htm • National Institutes of Health.(2013).The New Genetics Chapter 3.Retrieved fromhttp://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter3.html • Organic Liaison.com(2013). Articles Health. Retrieved from http://www.organicliaison.com/articles/Health/why-your-body-needs-vitamin-d/

  26. References Resource Articles.(2013). Stakeholder Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1381/Stakeholder-Strategy-101.aspx United States Department of Agriculture.(2013).National Pest Alert West Nile Virus In North America. Retrieved from http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/pest/pdfs/west_nile_virus_alert.pdf University of Texas Medical Branch.(2011). Discovering Dengue Drugs Together Project. Retrieved from http://www.utmb.edu/discoveringdenguedrugs-together/Project%20Status.htm West Nile.com.(2013). West Nile Virus Texas Researchers. Retrieved from http://www.westnile.com/health/diseases-conditions/west-nile-virus/texas-researchers-finds-possible-west-nile-cure/ Wikipedia.(2013).West Nile.Virus.Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus Women’s Web MD.com(2013).Slideshow Anemia Overview. Retrieved from http://women.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-anemia-overview /phantom/aann/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=46:japan-on- alert-after-finding-dead-birds&Itemid=58 Word Press.(2012).West Nile Outbreak in the US. Retrieved from http://emedtravel.wordpress.com/2012/08/23/west-nile-virus-outbreak-in-the-us

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