Health examination

1. Health examination

3. DEFINITION • Health examination • Health examination is the systematic assessment of human body which involves the use of one’s senses to determine the general physical and mental conditions of the body

4. Physical examination • Physical examination is defined as a complete assessment of a patient’s physical and mental status. • A physical assessment is the systematic collection of objective information that is directly observed or is elicited through examination techniques

5. Indication of health examination • On admission • On discharge • On follow up • Health camps • Before and after diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.

6. TECHNIQUE OF PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT

7. INSPECTION

8. GENERAL INSPECTION OF A CLIENT FOCUSES ON • Overall appearance of health or illness • Signs of distress • Facial expression and mood • Body size • Grooming and personal hygiene

9. PALPATION

10. PRINCIPLES OF PALPATION • You should have short fingernails. • You should warm your hands prior to placing them on the patient. • Encourage the patient to continue to breathe normally throughout the palpation. • If pain is experienced during the palpation. discontinue the palpation immediately. • Inform the patient where, when, and how the touch will occur, especially when the patient cannot see what you are doing.

11. LIGHT PALPATION

12. DEEP PALPATION

13. PERCUSSION

14. TYPE OF PERCUSSION • DIRECT PERCUSSION

15. INDIRECT PERCUSSION

16. AUSCULTATION

17. FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND • 1.Pitch (ranging from high and low):frequency or number of oscillations generated per second by vibrating object • 2. Loudness (ranging from soft to loud): amplitude of sound • 3. Quality (gurgling or swishing) • 4. Duration (short, medium or long)

18. OLFACTION

19. EQUIPMENTS • STETHOSCOPE

20. OPHTHALMOSCOPE

21. OTOSCOPE

22. SNELLEN CHART

23. NASAL SPECULUM

24. VAGINAL SPECULUM

25. TUNING FORK

26. PERCUSSION HARMER

27. SPHYGMOMANOMETER

28. POSITIONING • Sitting/fowler’s

29. STANDING

30. SUPINE AND PRONE

31. DORSAL RECUMBENT

32. Sim’s

33. LITHOTOMY

34. KNEE-CHEST

35. PREPARING THE ENVIRONMENT

36. PREPARING THE PATIENT • PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPERATION

37. PHYSICAL PREPERATION

38. ARTICLES REQUIRED • Screen to provide privacy • Bowl for antiseptic lotion • Kidney tray and paper bag • Weighing machine and height scale • Patient gown

39. ARTICLES REQUIRED • Bath blanket to cover the patient • Pair of leggings • Draw sheet to cover patient’s chest • Square drum containing test tube, gauze piece, cotton swab, specimen bottle, swabsticks • Gloves • lubricant

40. ARTICLES REQUIRED • Torch • Ophthalmoscope • Snellen’s chart • Book for colour blindness • Pen • Flash card • Autoscope with speculum of different sizes • Percussion Hammer • Tuning fork

41. ARTICLES REQUIRED • Nasal speculum • Mouth gag • Laryngeal mirror • Tongue depressor • Stethoscope • Inch tape

42. ARTICLES REQUIRED • Sterile tray for vaginal examination • Proctoscope • VITALS TRAY

43. ARTICLES FOR NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION • Powder, soap • Snellan’s chart • Pencil or pen • Cotton wicks • Torch • Tuning fork • Salt, sugar

44. ARTICLES FOR NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION • Tongue depressor • 2 test tubes one with hot water and other with cold water • Safety pins • Some thing solid for grasping • Sharp object like key • Reading material to assess eyes and language of person • Knee harmer

45. GENERAL SURVEY • Identification data • Gender and race • Age • Signs of distress • Body type • Posture • Gait

46. GENERAL SURVEY • Body movements • Hygiene and grooming • Body odour • Affect and mood • Speech • Substance abuse:

47. VITALS SIGNS

48. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT:

49. ASSESSING INTEGUMENT SYSTEM • Assessing skin • Skin color • Erythema

50. CYANOSIS