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Yinfengqiong

Yinfengqiong. Department of Neurology, The 2nd affiliated hospital, kunming Medical College. 急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病 (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, AIDP). concept ( 1 ). 急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病

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Yinfengqiong

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  1. Yinfengqiong Department of Neurology, The 2nd affiliated hospital, kunming Medical College

  2. 急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, AIDP)

  3. concept (1) • 急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病 (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, AIDP) • 又称格林-巴利综合征 (Guillain-Barré SyndromeGBS)

  4. concept(2) • pathological feature is demyelination(脱髓鞘) of peripheral nerve

  5. concept(3) • clinical feature is limbs symmetric f laccid paralysis ，peripheral anesthesia • Grave patients die of respiratory failure (呼吸衰竭)

  6. 气管插管trachea cannula

  7. Etiology and pathogenesis(1) • The precise cause is unclear • GBS often follows minor infective illness or inoculation

  8. Etiology and pathogenesis(2) • Clinical and epidemiologic evidence suggest an association with preceding Campylobacter Jejuni(CJ) (空肠弯曲菌)infection. • The pathogenesis resembles EAN • Molecular mimicry

  9. Etiology and pathogenesis(3) 自身免疫性疾病 Autoimmune disease 病 原体 感 染pathogen infection 体液性免疫humoral immunity 细胞性免疫 Cellular immunity

  10. pathology Nervr cell Segmental demyelination(节段性多发性髓鞘脱失) axonal Myelin sheath muscle

  11. Clinical features(1) • GBS Prodrome It often follows 1-4 weeks after a respiratory infection or diarrhea(腹泻).

  12. Clinical features(2) • Weakness(paralysis): Most often symptomatic in legs Distribution: Proximal + Distal; Symmetric(对称的) flaccid (弛缓性的)

  13. Clinical features(3) Severity: Quadriplegia (四肢瘫)in 30%; Bedbound another 30% Respiratory failure(呼吸衰竭) fatal factor cause death

  14. Clinical features(4) • Sensory(感觉):ususlly less marked than motor symptoms. • Paraesthesias(外周感觉障碍):

  15. Clinical features(5) • Sensory(感觉): • Pain • Loss(感觉缺失): with classic glove-and-stocking pattern (手套-袜套型) of sensory loss

  16. Clinical features(6) • Cranial nerve(颅神经):Ⅶ, Ⅸ,Ⅹ facial weakness is present in 50% of cases.

  17. Clinical features(7) 呼吸肌麻痹respiratory paralysis main cause of death 肺部感染 Lung infection 心力衰竭 heart failure

  18. summary clinical feature : limbs symmetric f laccid paralysis ，peripheral anesthesia

  19. Clinical features(8) • Clinical classification(分类))  AIDP  AMAN  AMSAN  Fisher syndrome  Unclassifiable GBS

  20. Investigations • CSF(脑脊液): a characteristic abnormality, with increased protein concentration but a normal cell count. Protein-cell isolation(蛋白-细胞分离)

  21. Investigations • Eletrophysiologic studies(电生理) marked slowing of motor and sensory conduction velocity,

  22. Investigations • evidence of denervation and axonal loss. • F wave reflex is delayed or absent. • Sural nerve biopsy(腓肠神经活检): demyelination (脱髓鞘)

  23. Diagnostic criteria for GBS(1) Required for diagnosis Progressive weakness of more than one limb. Distal areflexia with proximal areflexia or hyporeflexia.

  24. Diagnostic criteria for GBS(2) Supportive of diagnosis Progression for up to 4 weaks. Relatively symmetric deficits. Mild sensory involvement. Cranial nerve(especiallyⅦ)involvement. Recovery beginning within 4 weeks after progression stops.

  25. Diagnostic criteria for GBS(2) Autonomic dysfunction. No fever at onset. Increased CSF protein after 1 week. CSF white blood cell count10/l. Nerve conduction slowing or block by several weeks.

  26. Differential diagnosis • Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (Hopp) • Poliomyelitis • Myasthenia gravis(MG)

  27. Treatment • Assisting respiration(辅助呼吸):Patients who are seve -rely affected are best managed in ICU where facilities are available for monitoring and assis- ted respiration if necessary.

  28. Treatment • Sometimes antibiotic is necessary for preventing respiratory tract’s infection. 肺活量<20﹣25ml/kg, 动脉氧分压<70mmHg

  29. Treatment • Symptomatic therapy(对症治疗):The aim is to prevent such complications as respiratory failure or vascular collapse.

  30. 病理与临床 预防感染 保持呼吸道通畅 心力衰竭 中枢性周围性 缺氧 呼吸肌麻痹 死亡 气管切开 肺部感染 咳嗽无力、排痰困难

  31. 气管插管trachea cannula

  32. Treatment • Preventing complications(防止并发症): 坠积性肺炎 褥疮 下肢深部静脉血栓、肺栓塞 肢体挛缩、畸形 吞咽麻痹 尿潴留 疼痛 焦虑及抑郁

  33. Treatment • Etiological therapy(病因治疗): Plasma exchange(血浆置换) (plasmapheresis) Intravenous immunoglobulin(静脉注射免疫球蛋白): 0.4g /kg /d for 5 days

  34. Treatment Corticosteroids(皮质类固醇): it has not been successful in acute GBS and can bring about adverse outcome. • Rehabilitation(康复)

  35. Prognosis • The disorder is self-limiting,and improvement occurs over the weeks or months following onset. About 70-75% of patients recover completely, 25% areleft with mild neurologic deficits, and5%die, usually as a result of respiratoryfailure. .

  36. Prognosis • The prognosis is poorer when there is evidence of preceding CJ infection

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