Professional Development Outcomes in Ethics and Morals

1. Chapter 13 C H A P T E R 13 Professional Development

2. Outcomes • Identify the elements of career development. • Define ethics and morals. • Formulate solutions to ethical dilemmas. • Identify and describe ethics theories. (continued)

3. Outcomes (continued) • Understand ecotourism, environmental ethics, and sustainability. • Examine the role of social responsibility in leisure services.

4. Professional Development • Skills and knowledge attained for personal development and career advancement • Done for career preparation, advancement, networking, skill development, increased compensation, and self-fulfillment

5. University Accreditation • Administered by NRPA • 89 accredited programs in the United States • Accredited degree programs exceed standards of academic quality

6. Certification • Enhances professional status • Usually requires continuing education • Available in many areas • Parks and recreation (CPRP) • Therapeutic recreation (CTRS) • Aquatics • Meeting and event planning

7. Professional Memberships • Discounted student rates • Sources of information and knowledge in the field • Internship and job announcement services

8. Continuing Education • Builds competencies and advances career • Available through local, state, and national conferences and workshops • Measured in continuing education units (CEUs) • 2.0 required every two years for CPRP certification • One-hour workshop earns .1 CEUs

9. Career Progression • Networking • Build a diverse network of professionals. • Make contacts through conferences and professional involvement. • Internal and external advancement

10. Training and Development • In-service training • Mentoring • A relationship in which a person with more experience provides guidance for a person with less experience • Informal and formal relationships

11. Ethics • Standards, behaviors, and principles that guide behaviors • Derived from professional associations, the profession itself, community, and the agency • Professionally driven

12. Morals • Behavior that is guided by personal opinion • Often driven by society or religion • Morals formed by parents, teachers, religious leaders, community members • Personally driven

13. Reasons for Unethical Behavior • People do what is most convenient. • People do what they must do to win. • People rationalize their choices with relativism. • People desensitize themselves to unethical behavior.

14. Ethical Transgressions • Lying: “telling someone something we know not to be true with the intention of misleading them” (Howard and Korver 2008, 13) • Deception: “failing to correct an inaccurate impression, feigning ignorance, not telling the whole truth, withholding information, sugarcoating the truth, or overusing tact” (Howard and Korver 2008, 17) (continued)

15. Ethical Transgressions (continued) • Stealing: procurement of property that does not belong to you that is taken without permission from the owner • Harm: putting a person or business at risk of injury or damage

16. Kohlberg’s Stagesof Moral Development • People develop physically and morally throughout their life span. • There are three levels and six stages of development. • Each person must achieve one stage before moving on to the next.

17. Consequences Theory • Behavior is dictated by outcomes or consequences. • Actions are chosen that have the best possible outcomes for those involved. • Utilitarianism is seeking the greatest good for the greatest number.

18. Kant’s Duty-Based Ethics • Theory is obligation based. • Actions should be taken that are good and right regardless of the consequences. • Actions should be taken that are morally right and well intended.

19. Virtue Ethics • Theory focuses on character and virtue rather than consequences and duty. • Someone who has high character will act accordingly in ethical situations.

20. Code of Ethics • Written document • Outlines professional responsibilities, principles, values, and standards that are used to guide decisions and procedures • Directs professionals in a way that is in the best interest of the agency’s constituents

21. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas • Step 1: Define the ethical dilemma • Step 2: Identify the associated ethical principle or value • Step 3: Identify the stakeholders • Step 4: Determine the desired outcomes • Step 5: Determine goal or success indicator • Step 6: Establish objectives and actions

22. Ethical Issues • Conflicts of interest • Person’s role at odds with best interest of the agency • Establishing a policy can help prevent conflicts of interest • Religion is difficult to use to solve ethical problems due to wide variety of religions (continued)

23. Ethical Issues (continued) • Gift: item of value given with no expectation of return • Bribe: cash or other item of value given to persuade or induce an action • Kickback: illegal payback from a previous exchange

24. Social Responsibility • Ethical philosophy or approach to doing business in which decisions are made and actions are taken to contribute to the welfare of the community. • Organizations dedicated to being socially responsible seek to improve the quality of life for people and communities.

25. Environmental Ethics • Responsible conduct in the best interest of the natural environment • Greener society • Reduced carbon footprint • Ecotourism • Responsible travel to natural areas • Promotes conservation of nature and sustains the well-being of those in the community